The industrial revolution. Flashcards
Where and when did the industrial revolution start?
Great Britain 1750-1850
When was the second phase of the industrial revolution and where did it spread?
1850-1940 spread through Europe and USA
What were some of the changes the industrial revolution brought?
Travel moved to train and steamship
Messages could move through the telegraph
Anesthetic used by dentists
Sewing machine
antiseptic
What happened before the industrial revolution?
The agricultural revolution.
How did farming improve during the agricultural revolution?
Dikes
Crop rotation
Equipment
Enclosure
Abraham Darby
Used coal to smelt Iron
Smelt definition
Separate iron from its ore
Thomas Newcomen
Developed steam engine
James Watt
Improved steam engine and patent it
Why did Britain start the industrial revolution?
Natural recourses
labor
capital
entrepeunuers.
What is capital
Money used to invest in enterprices
Henry Ford
First affordable car
Louis Pasteur
Showed link between microbes and disease
Alexander Graham Bell
Patent for telephone
John Dalton
Developed modern atomic theory
Charles Lyell
Wrote book principals of geology, showed proof that earth evolved over millions of years
Charles Darwin
Wrote book On the Origin of Species, argued that all species evolved.
Why did Charles Darwin’s ideas cause controversy?
They angered Christians
Why was the population increasing in the 19th century despite the decreasing birth rate.
There was a longer life expectancy and a lower death rate.
How did capital help buisneses?
It allowed them to grow by giving them money.
What were the positive and negative results of Marxism?
Most people would be equal, everyone would make the same, end of poverty. There would be small elite force in total control.
What were the ideas in Marx’s Communist Mainifesto?
Communism would make a classless society.
What was laissez-faire veiw?
The idea that the governmetn should not interfere.
Where were three main laissez-fair view thinkers?
Adam Smith, Thomas Mathus, David Ricardo.
What were two major inventions that helped travel?
Steam engines, steam trains.
What were two production improvements?
The putting-out system, and technology speed production
Why was Britain the first to industrialize?
Natural recourses, labor, capital, entrepreneurship.
What sources of energy helped trigger industrialization?
Water wells and coal
What agricultural changes helped trigger the industrialization?
Crop rotation and better equipment.
Why was there a population boom in the mid 1700s?
Less deaths more births.
Cartel
An association to fix prices
Germ theory
The idea that disease is caused by microbes
Assembly line
Work stations - speed production
Interchangeable parts
Using identical components in place of one another in manufacturing
Communism
A system in which the government is in total controll
Utilitarianism
The modifying of Laiseez Fair ideas - includes some governmentnt intervention
Labor unions
Fight for workers rights
Samuel FB Morse
Invented telegraph
