European Exploration and expansion Flashcards
What caused the age of exploration
The renaissance = spirit of discovry
Serach for wealth
advances in technology
Routes to india
Sail around Africa or go west
What did explorers use to calculate their location?
- Compass
- Astrolabe
What type of ship did they use?
Caravel
Light fast
What were Portugals kings
Patrons of the explorers
King Henry the navigator
Wanted to find a water route around Africa to India
Portugese
Bartolomeu Dias
Fist European to attempt to sail arout the southern tip of Africa “Cape of Good Hope”
Portugese
Vasco de Gama
First to make it to Clicut, India and back to Portugal
Second trip to India
Sailed to brazil and Indonesia
Lucrative trading posts
Portugese
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
Helped fund certain voyages
Spain
Christopher Columbus
Sailed to west India, America was in the way.
Spanish
Amerigo Vespucci
First to realize Columbus was not in India but a new world. America was named after him.
Spanish
Vasgo Nunez de Balboa
tried to find passage at Isthums of Panama
realized there is another ocean to cross to get to India
First to find the pacific ocean from the new world (Panama canal today)
Spanish
Ferdinand Magellan
Sails west to sail Around the world
Left with 250 men returned with 18
Magellan died during the trip
Spanish
Circumnavigate
To sail completley around the world
John Cabat
Sailed to Canada
English
Sir Frances Drake
Sailed to the southern tip of South America and stopped over in modern day California
2nd to circumnavigate the whole world
English
Henry Hudson
Tried to find the Northeast passage but found ice instead
English
Explored Hudson Bay region in search of Northwest Passage
For the Dutch
Jacques Cartier
Sailed into the St. lawerence River Candada, new france or Newwfoulndland
Fur trade
Frech
The Columbian Exchange
Contact between Native Americans and Colonists lead to the exchange of plants, animals, and disease
Mercantilism = Hands on economy
New type of economic policy
Nation’s strength is dependent on wealth in gold and silver
Fixed amount of wealth, nations compete for it
Balance of trade
Countries seek to limit imports and maximize exports
countries have its own source for raw materials and precious metals
No dependence one others
Colonies exist only to make mother country profit
A countries colony should not trade with another country.
Balance of trade
Under mercantilism countries profit in 2 ways
Extract gold and silver from mines
Sell more goods than bought
Balance of trade
The difference in vale between what a nation imports and exports over time.
How did countries create a balance of trade
Tariffs on imported goods
Finished goods are more expensive than raw material
control oversea sources of raw materials.
Colonies on the economic policy
Economic Policy is bad for colonies.
Mother country gets benifets
What was the Impact on society
More businesses
Wealthy merchant middle class grows
Columbian Exhange impacts foods
Capitalism
Economic system in which most buisnesses are privatley woned.
Price revolution
1470-1620
Inflation
Raises prices
Joint stock company
Businesses formed by a group of people making a joint investment, then sharing the profits and losses.
Ex: British East India Company & Virginia Company
What started slave labor?
High demand for labor
shortage of labor
indentured servants were too expensive
Triangular trade
A trading network from the 1600s to 1800s that carried goods and enslaved people between Europe, the Americas and Africa
Middle passage
The voyage that brought slaves from Africa across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indes
Where did Slaves work in colonies
Plantations, mines, towns, contryside
How did slaves cope
Cultural traditions
Religion
Destroyed fame equipment
Attacked slaveholders
Ran away
Effects of the slave trade
Helped build the economies of the American colonies.
What is African Diaspora
The dispersal of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western Europe due to the slave trade
