Renaissance Flashcards
Johannes Gutenberg
Invented moveable printing press
Nicholas Copernicus
Wrote the earth rotates the sun
Nicolo Machiavelli
Wrote, “The Prince” advising monarchs to concentrate power. Wrote that “the ends justify the means.
Leonardo DaVinci
Painter, accomplishments in science, architecture and engineering.
Michelangelo Buonarotti
Artist, Sistine Chapel, and ST. Peters cathedral in Rome.
What was renaissance architecture like?
Arches, human likeness in art, domes, columns, and elements reflect ancient Greece and Rome.
Wealthy popes and princes patronized art because ….
Wealthy popes and princes patronized many painters and sculptors that incorporated secular and classic themes into religious topics.
What did writers begin writing in?
There vernacular instead of Latin
Dante Aligheiri
“The Divine Comedy” in Italian, about epic journey through hell.
Geoffrey Chaucer
Canterbury tails, in English, is about medieval life.
Humanism
Characters look like real individuals.
What did Michelangelo us his knowledge of anatomy for?
Showing humanity.
Humanist idealoigy is?
Reason and logic are important to understand the world as religion and intuition.
Classicism
Interest in Greek and Roman cultures and values
Francesco Petrarch
Renaissance writer and a Florentine humanist. Collected Greek and Roman writings.
Homer
Poet
Virgil
Poet
Erasmus
Wrote, “Praise of Folly” ridiculed the church, corrupt official, and the clergy.
“Laid the egg that Luther hatched.”
Believed that Catholic doctrines such as that of free will.
Cervantes
Wrote, don Quixote, poked fun at chivalry and culture in Medival Europe.
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Wealty northern Italian trade centers like Venice and Florence.
Medici family of Florence
Wealthy from banking, wool manufacturing, minding, trade, and more.
Patrons of the arts.
-Michelangelo
Poor lifestyle
Shops on groundfloors, crowded housing above. Garbage in streets
Wealthy lifestyle
Large homes, little privacy.
Sir Thomas More
Author of Utopia
The book contains criticism of the English government and a vision of a perfect society
William Shakespeare
One of the greatest playwrights Focused more on secular topics versus religious themes.
Christine de Pisan
Wrote about the roles of women in society.
o Grew up in French court
Wrote “_The City of Women”
Topics focused on equality and education for women.
Artist, Albrecht Durer
o Techniques of realism and perspectives
Artist, Jan van Eyck
Focused on landscapes and domestic life.
John Wycliffe
Lived during the Western schism. Interested in the authority of the Clergy. Believed people should be able to interpret the bible themselves and
Jan Hus
Wanted Bishops elected not appointed by the Pope.
Council of Constance - made case but was burned at stake.
Leader of the Moravian Church.
What is the Protestant Reformation?
Religious movement in the 1500s that split the Christian Church Western Europe and led to the establishment of new churches.
What sparked reformation?
Pope Leo X needs money to build St. Peter’s Basilica…so he sells indulgences!
What is vernacular
The local language
What was the job of the church clergy
To translate the bible
Martin Luther
German Monk and Professor of theology (religion) at the University of Wittenberg.
A leader of Protestant Reformation.
What was Luther’s 95 Theses
Luther wanted to reform the church. Nailed on doors (written in lattin.
Criticized:
Indulgences
Power of the Pope
Wealth of the church.
Who excommunicated Luther?
Pope Leo X
What does it mean to be excommunicated?
Excommunication- expelled him from the church.
Ulrich Zwingli
in Switzerland
Theocracy_
A government in which church and state are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired
John Knox
John Knox in Scotland
o Laid grounds for Presbyterian Church
John Clavin
John Calvin in Switzerland
o Predestination
God knows who will be saved, even before people are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined fore salvation.
Who was King Henry VIII
Had 6 wives, reformed parliament, by saying England was no longer under control of the Pope.
Name Henrys wives
Name all King Henry’s wives and name their fate:
1. Catherine of Aragon; divorced
2. Anne Boleyn; beheaded
3. Jane Seymour; died
4. Anne of Cleeves; divorced
5. Catherine Howard; beheaded
6. Catherine Parr; survived
Reformation of Parliment
Was a gathering that led to the decision that England was no longer under the authority of the pope.
Act of Supremacy
o Subjects were required to take an oath declaring Henry VIII to be
“Supreme head of the Church of England.”
Queen Mary I or Bloody Mary
Raised Catholic like her mother Catherine of Aragon; she reestablished the Catholic Church in England. She killed many protestants and had approximately 300 heretics burned at the stake.
Queen Elizabeth I The Virgin Queen
(Ends the House of Tudor)
Raised Protestant and ruled England for 44 years. Ruled during the Spanish Armada, and never married…known as the Virgin Queen.
