The Ideal Gas Laws Flashcards
What is the molar form of the ideal gas law?
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume taken up by the gas, T is the temperature of the gas, R is the gas constant, and n is the number of moles of the gas.
What is a mole?
Moles “n” are a way to describe how many molecules are in a gas.
What is the Avogadro’s number?
It is the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance, equal to 6.023E23
What are the gas constant ?
R = 8.31 J/ K . mol R = 0.082 L . atm/ K . mol
What units do we plug in for gas constant R= 8.31 J/ K . mol?
- Pressure P in pascal Pa
- Volume V in units of m^3
- Temperature T in units of Kelvin K
What units do we plug in for gas constant R= 0.082 L . atm/ K . mol?
- Pressure P in atmospheres (atm)
- Volume V in liters (L)
- Temperature T in Kelvin (K)
What is the molecular form of the ideal gas law?
PV = N.kb.T
Where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume taken up by the gas, T is the temperature of the gas, N is the number of molecules in the gas, and kb is Boltzmann’s constant
What is the Boltzman’s constant?
It is a physical constant that relates the average relative kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature of the gas, which is equal to 1.38E-23 J/K
What units do we plug in when using this form of the ideal gas law with Boltzmann’s constant?
- Pressure P in pascal Pa
- Volume V in m^3
- Temperature T in Kelvin
What is the proportional form of the ideal gas law?
nR = Nkb = PV/T = constant
This shows that, as long as the number of moles (i.e. molecules) of a gas remains the same, the quantity PV/T is constant for a gas regardless of the process through which the gas is taken.
What does the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution show?
It shows how the speeds of molecules are distributed for an ideal gas.
What is the root-mean-square speed?
It is the square root of the mean of the squares of the velocities.
What is the total are under the curve on the Maxwell-Boltzmaan distribution?
It represents the total number of molecules in the gas.
How does the curve of the Maxwell-Boltzmaan distribution react to the change in temperature?
As the gas gets colder, the graph becomes taller and more narrow. Similarly, as the gas gets hotter the graph becomes shorter and wider.
