acid base chemistry Flashcards
What does Bronsted-Lowry theory describes?
acid-base interaction in terms of proton transfer between chemical species.
What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
A proton donor
What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
A proton receiver
What is an acid base reaction?
Any reaction involves a proton transfer from an acid to a base.
What is an amphoteric substance?
A substance that can act as Bronsted-Lowry acid or base
What are strong acids and bases?
Any species that dissociates completely into its constituent ions in aqueous solution.
What are the common strong acids?
HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4
What are the common strong bases?
Group 1 and 2 metal hydroxide (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, RbOH, Sr(OH)2, CsOH, Ba(OH)2 ) Little Nannies Kill Rabbits Causing Carnivorous Screaming Babies
What are conjugate acids or base?
An acid after donating a proton becomes a conjugate base; a base after receiving a proton becomes a conjugate acid.
What is autoionization, or self-ionization of water?
Water molecules exchange protons with one another to a very small extent
What is pure water?
Pure water means water with no other compounds dissolved in the water.
What is Kw?
Autoionization constant, which is equal to 10^-14 at 25 degree Celsius
How can an aqueous solution be acidic?
[H3O] > [OH]
How can an aqueous solution be basic?
[OH] > [H3O]
How can an aqueous solution be neutral
[H3O] = [OH]
What does Le Chatelier’s principle tell us?
The reaction will shift to counteract the change in concentration and establish a new equilibrium.
What are always true for any aqueous solutions at 25 degree Celsius?
Kw= [H3O].[OH] = 10^-14
pH + pOH = 14
What is an Arrhenius acid?
An Arrhenius acid is any species that increases the concentration of H+ in aqueous solution.
What is an Arrhenius base?
An Arrhenius base is any species that increases the concentration of OH- in aqueous solution.
What does pH stand for?
The abbreviation pH stands for potential hydrogen.
What is the alkalinity of any species?
It is the capability to resist changes in [H+] that would make the water more acidic.
What are acidic and alkaline molecules?
An acidic molecule would have a low ability to attract hydrogen ions, while an alkaline molecule would have a high ability to attract hydrogen ions.
What does “p” in pH and pOH stand for?
The lowercase p indicates “-log”.
What is molarity?
The number moles of solute per liter of solution, can be written as “M”
What is molality?
The number moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, can be written as “m”.
What is the special thing about Bronsted-Lowry acid?
Any Brønsted-Lowry acid must contain a hydrogen that can dissociate as H+.
What is the special thing about Bronsted-Lowry base?
Brønsted-Lowry base must have at least one lone pair of electrons to form a new bond with a proton.
What is pKa
pKa is the negative base-10 logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of a solution
What is pKa?
pKa is the negative base-10 logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of a solution.
