The Idea of Progress Flashcards
Hegel background-Russel
WHen?
what was he?
German 1770-1831
- tutor
- controversial marriage
- close with sister
Hegels work
-influence?
Hard to understand. His influence was immense
What is Hegels basic idea?
- what is reality?
- how is reality both clear and unclear?
There is a unity of everything.
- Reality can be described as the absolute.
- There is a certain amount of self-evident logic. It can’t contradict itself. Yet is contains all kinds of falsehoods.
Hegel- The absolute
- what is everything we see?
- what are we working toward?
Everything we see is partial, partly true and false. We are working toward the absolute, and our consciousness becomes disclosed in it.
Hegel -Human history
- where is it?
- what are humans working out?
- At the center of the progress.
- Humans are working out the problem of the knowledge of the absolute.
How do humans work out the problem of the absolute?
in a triadic process- the way we think. Dialectic.
What direction are we moving? (Hegel)
Forward, despite the historical setbacks.
Hegel and art
- what is it supposed to reveal?
- what is its role now?
- Art is supposed to reveal the absolute.
- Hegel thinks art has already played its role and now it is played out. It used to be really important but now its philosophy, politics and economies. It is not a front line innovator.
Marx - Background Where? -when? -dad and grandfathers -what did he study?
Born in Germany
1818-1883
-father was a lawyer -converted to protestant
-Grandfather and great grandfathers were rabbis
-lived in Paris and Brussels most of life in London
-studied law
Marx- slogan
“criticize everything” - don’t take things for granted
Marx- Russinan revolution
was never in Russia, didn’t speak russian. He didn’t have anything to do w the russian revolution he was dead. He influenced it though.
who are the bourgeoise?
A revolutionary class, the most revolutionary in human history. It is simpler, demystify, and strips aside the cloud of reality.
What did Marx write and when?
“The Critique of the bourgeois society” 1848
Where do the bourgeois come from?
A class struggle. They come out of class collisions- Hegelian flow of history.
The bourgeois is the …..class
The proletariat is the…..class
capitalist
working
Globalization - good or bad Marx?
Demolition of the importance of nations/boundaries because of the reach of business. Corporate enterprises have greater interests and importance than nations.
-This is good because he thinks allegiances and boundaries are stupid.
Centralization of cities
good or bad Marx?
Massive cities with lots of poverty are another aspect of industrialism. Good! Have reduced the population for the idiocy of rural life.
Why Centralization?
good, concentration of people with the potential of political centralization and organization.
What is Marx impressed with with regards to the bourgeois?
It got us organized. Before them none got much work done. They show what production man’s activity can bring out. Marx is impressed with the product capacity that nobody had any clue about before.
What is the problem with the giant production ?
It cannot be controlled. Bourgeois produces its own grave diggers- creates a class of people that are rising as an antagonistic class..
Overproduction
conditions of society are too narrow. Ability to consume has been reduced. Condition of the working class was so depressed that is couldn’t buy the stuff.
Working class gets….?
- what does this result in?
- what is the predicament?
squished. -has no resources. Labors become a commodity an article of commerce. Alienation of the worker from the product.
- only have enough to survive.
What does the art culture depend on?
division of leisure and a working class.
What is the value of something equal to?
the values of the resources that are invested in them?
Labor time
reducing labor to a minimum to make more profit
Free time is leading to?
a deeper interest in arts and sciences
Subsistence kind of living is a…
culture killer
A hungry man doesn’t care about…
the human cultivations of culinary science.
Marx like or dislike Kant?
Likes
What does art suggest?
alienation from alienation
Difference between men and animals
-Humans have the capacity to work in a million of channels
-work according to various standards and rules.
-We can do thinks that son’t have a specific end in sight.
-We have the capacity of self sacrifice for the group
-Our real nature is self is the person that has evolvedd working with the group not the individual based on him.
Animals do their own thins and don’t think about it. The are on one channel.
-The work for subsistence.
-THe industrial worker is reduced to working for substence- animal condition .
Marx on Private Property
-what does this sound like?
private property is a way of relating two things. It has made stupid and partial by thinking an object is only ours when we have it. -sounds like disinteredness.
What do we work for and why?
Leisure- gives us pleasure and happiness.
man’s ideas, views and conceptions etc., change with every change in the ________
material conditions of life
What is alienation?
the estrangement of people from aspects of their human nature as a consequence of living in a society stratified into social classes.
Alienation of the sense
caused by thinking of things only in tears of their utility.
-cant enjoy
What should art do? Marx
make an interruption of the fabric of society so that it wakes people up.
What does Marx mean about the five senses being a product of all human history?
We learned ways of deploying our senses. This all communal, our ability to experience the good things are human relations to the works. We relate to things for the sake of things and not how we can use them.
What does BR warn us about Hegel?
work is false and hard to understand
What central theme do we take from Hegel?
Art is at its peak so we don’t need it anymore
We want to progress and get better but art is slowing us down
Does Hegel think art has an important role in the future?
Nah; it’s at a point where it can no longer develop.
