The Humanistic Perspective Flashcards
What is the highest stage of human development, where an individual achieves the most complete version of themselves?
Self-actualization.
What is the view that people develop by progressing through categories of needs, from basic needs to enlightenment?
Need hierarchy theory.
What is the internal drive to experience growth and avoid situations that limit growth?
Organismic valuing process.
What “process” is characterized by being yourself, autonomy, not seeking approval from others, and unconditional positive regard?
Organismic valuing process.
(If an individual characterizes this process, they will display these qualities.)
What cultural influence often pressures us to equate personal value with material success, which can hinder the pursuit of self-actualization by focusing on external validation rather than inner fulfillment and personal growth?
Marketing.
According to Carl Rogers, what does being loved and accepted for who we are foster?
Unconditional positive regard.
Which part of the humanistic approach has been criticized for its theory on personality development?
The belief that people are innately good.
What do critics argue that the humanistic perspective fails to recognize?
The reality of evil.
What is Carl Roger’s approach to therapy, which values the worth of the client and listens to their experiences?
Client-centered therapy.
What is the part of client-centered therapy where the therapist’s interactions are real and aligned with their inner motivations?
Congruence.
What is an approach to therapy that builds on Maslow’s ideas, with a focus on optimistic traits at the individual and institutional levels?
Positive psychology.
What is the part of client-centered therapy where a therapist communicates acceptance of the client as a person, though not their bad behavior?
Unconditional positive regard.
What is the part of client-centered therapy where a therapist seeks to recognize the experience of the client?
Empathetic understanding.
According to Maslow and Rogers, what are the 2 key characteristics of becoming a fully functioning person?
Free will and self-determination.
Who contributed to an understanding of the self by explaining the growth potential of healthy individuals?
Abraham Maslow
& Carl Rogers.
What kind of experience is based on personal feelings, not facts?
Subjective experience.
Who believed self-actualization leads to personal growth and positive change?
Carl Rogers.
According to Rogers, what causes adjustment problems?
Unhealthy messages about our self-worth.
How does Maslow describe the thought patterns of self-actualized individuals?
They see the world accurately.
Which personality theorist proposed that the basic NEEDS of children should be met for healthy development?
Abraham Maslow.
(Ah hem… Hierarchy of NEEDS)
Which theorist claimed that individuals differ in their perception of who they need to be in order to be approved by others?
Carl Rogers.
Who is widely regarded as one of the most eminent thinkers in psychology, best known for developing the psychotherapy method called client-centered therapy and for being one of the founders of humanistic psychology?
Carl Rogers.
According to Maslow, what plays a significant role in personality development but later diminishes in importance?
Biological motivations.
(Once fulfilled, they lose significance in shaping individual characteristics.)
Which branch of psychology emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization. Rather than concentrating on dysfunction, it strives to help people fulfill their potential and maximize their well-being?
Humanistic psychology.
According to Carl Rogers, what desire (present in all living things) pushes each organism toward growth?
Actualizing tendency.
Whose theory suggests that people’s needs at one level of a pyramid have to be mostly, but not completely, met before they can move on to the next level?
Abraham Maslow.
(He believed that unmet needs occupy the mind, preventing the pursuit of needs higher in the pyramid.)
