The human nervous system

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

Body’s communication network that consists of all nerve cells allows the organisms to sense organise, react to information in the environment

Question 2

The CNS central nervous system

Answer 2

Coordinates the actions and interactions of the brain and the spinal cord body’s main control center

It is the largest part of the nervous system

The spinal cord is an information highway connecting to the peripheral nervous system to the brain

Question 3

The peripheral nervous system PNS

Answer 3

Includes the sensory nerves outside the brain and the spinal cord that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

• process changes in internal and external stimuli communicate that information to the CNS

Two major divisions
- motor pathways signals from brain to muscles/ glands

• sensory pathway : signals from sensory receptors to the brain

Question 4

Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

Includes the nerves that transmit signals from your brain to the skeletal muscles to allow voluntary movement

Question 5

Autonomic nervous systems

Answer 5

Regulates involuntary and unconscious actions

• breathing, blood pumping through veins, digestion, heartbeat, work of other internal organs

Question 6

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

Emergency response system if something alarms, enrages or challenges you flight, fight or freeze

• accelerate your heartbeat
• raise of blood pressure
• slow your digestion
• raise your blood sugar
• cool you with perspiration
  Making you alert and ready for action

Question 7

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 7

Functions to calm the person rest and digest

Reduces body arousal, energy, decreases blood sugar increases blood flow to the digestive organs, decreases heart rate

Maintains homeostasis
- a constant internal body environment
- counterbalances the activities of the sympathetic nervous system
- inhibits the production of adrenaline
- decrease heart rate, respiration and blood pressure
-increases digestion and production of saliva

Question 8

Neurons

Answer 8

Specialised cell in the nervous system that receives and sends messages with electrochemical signals

• messengers of the body
• basic units on which the entire brain and nervous system are built

Question 9

Glial cells

Answer 9

Cells that provide physical support for the neurons to grow on and around acts like glue

Surrounds neurons, get nutrients to the neurons clean up remains of neurons that have died and provide insulation.

Question 10

Soma life support

Answer 10

The cell body of the neuron responsible for maintains the cell of the cell

Question 11

Synapse

Answer 11

Contact point: meeting point between neurons

Synaptic vesicles store various neurotransmitter chemicals that are released at the synapse
Receptor sites receive signals

Question 12

Reflex arc

Answer 12

Signal is sent form a sensory organ to the spinal cord, which processes the information instead of passing it on to the brain

Question 13

Afferents neurons

Answer 13

Neurons that Carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and the spinal cord

Question 14

Motor neurons efferent neurons

Answer 14

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.

Question 15

Neutral transmission

Answer 15

Process by which the information travels through a neuron each neuron receives an impulse and must pass it on to the next neuron and make sure the correct impulse continues on its path

Question 16

Excitatory neurotransmitter and inhibitory

Answer 16

Excitatory excite neurons and cause them to fire more action potential are triggered inhibitory prevent the next neuron from firing

Question 17

Serotonin

Answer 17

Connected to feelings of happiness regulation of emotion it regulates the sleep cycle along with melatonin and also regulates intestinal movements appetite

• inhibitory

Major for drug treatments for depression and anxiety

Too much of it is asssociated with hallucinations and anorexia

Too little of it is associated with depression, some anxiety, sleep disorder

Ecstasy increases serotonin in the short term and decreases in the long term

Question 18

Dopamine

Answer 18

Pleasure of chemical of the brain released into pleasure centres of the brain relegated to reward and motivation learning

• inhibitory
• it is also associative with addiction movement and motivation
  Too much dopamine is associated with schizophrenia
  Too little is associated with some forms of depression as well as the musclular rigidity and tremors found in Parkinson disease