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The human endocrine system: blood glucose levels and Human reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A vasectomy is an example of which method of contraception?

A

surgical
A vasectomy is an example of surgical contraception. It involves a minor procedure carried out by a doctor.

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2
Q

Where in the body is the hormone glucagon produced?

A

pancreas

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3
Q

The organ that a particular hormone acts on is known as the __________ organ. What one word completes this sentence?

A

target

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4
Q

What type of tissue produces hormones?

A

glandular
Specialised tissue called glandular tissue produces hormones.

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5
Q

Carl is diabetic and injects insulin every day. What is likely to happen to his blood glucose level following an injection of insulin?

A

A short time after Carl injects his body with insulin, his blood sugar concentration will fall.

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6
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation? Write out the full name.

A

A hormone called luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates the cells in the ovary to undergo ovulation.

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7
Q

What type of molecule is the hormone insulin made from?

A

protein
Hormones, such as insulin, are made from proteins.

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8
Q

Thyroxine is controlled by what type of feedback?

A

negative
The amount of thyroxine circulating in the blood is kept within narrow limits by negative feedback.

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8
Q

Thyroxine stimulates the __________ rate. What word completes the sentence?

A

metabolic
The hormone thyroxine stimulates the metabolic rate. Metabolic rate is the amount of energy expended by an organism in a given time.

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8
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in girls during puberty?

A

The hormone oestrogen
The hormone oestrogen is responsible for bringing about the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in girls during puberty. Puberty begins around the ages of 8 to 13 years in girls.

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8
Q

Does IVF guarantee that a woman will become pregnant?

A

There is no guarantee that a woman who undergoes IVF will become pregnant.

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9
Q

metabolic rate definition

A

Metabolic rate is the amount of energy expended by an organism in a given time.

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9
Q

Carl is diabetic. He injects insulin in the morning but then doesn’t have time for lunch. What problem is most likely to occur with his blood glucose level?

A

The insulin Carl injects in the morning will lower his blood glucose concentration. If he does not eat any lunch, his blood glucose concentration will become too low.

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10
Q

If people with diabetes are not treated, what problem with their blood glucose level are they most likely to have?

A

“too high”
If a diabetic person does not receive treatment, their blood glucose levels will be too high as their body cannot control blood glucose concentration by itself.

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11
Q

Women with fertility issues may have low levels of which hormone?

A

Fertility issues in people with a uterus can be caused by low levels of FSH, which is responsible for eggs in the ovary maturing. Luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, which is responsible for the release of the egg, can also cause fertility issues.

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12
Q

what does Vicki have when sugar isn’t detected in her urine but protein is

A

The presence of protein in the urine suggest Vicki suffers from kidney disease. Protein would not be present in the urine of a healthy person.

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13
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation? Give the full name, not the abbreviation.

A

Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone brings about ovulation, the shedding of an egg, in a woman.

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14
Q

Name a hormone released into the bloodstream in humans in response to a dangerous situation.

A

adrenaline

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15
Q

Name a hormone that controls the concentration of glucose in the blood.

A

insulin
Insulin is a hormone that controls the concentration of glucose in the blood, maintaining it at a constant level.

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16
Q

Name the disease condition where a person’s blood glucose level is not properly controlled.

A

diabetes
When a person’s body fails to control the blood glucose concentration within narrow limits, the person is suffering from a disease called diabetes.

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17
Q

what is an adrenaline?

A

a hormone that increases the heart rate

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18
Q

what does insulin do?

A

The hormone insulin removes glucose from the blood when the blood glucose concentration becomes too high.

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19
Q

Name a surgical method of birth control.

A

Surgical methods of birth control includes…
a vasectomy,
sterilisation,
and tubal ligation.
All involve the person undergoing some form of surgical procedure carried out by a doctor.

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20
Q

In the menstrual cycle, the release of an ovum is called what?

A

ovulation
The release of an egg (ovum) from an ovary is called ovulation.

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21
Q

Two hormones are responsible for the thickening of the uterus during the menstrual cycle. what are they

A

Oestrogen and progesterone work together to thicken the lining of the uterus during the menstrual cycle.

22
Q

What name is given to things like condoms, the birth control pill and IUDs which are meant to prevent pregnancy?

A

Contraceptives

23
Q

The function of FSH is to cause an ovum to __________. What one word completes this sentence

A

mature

24
Q

Spermicide is an example of which type of contraception?

A

“chemical”
The use of substances such as spermicides to prevent unwanted pregnancies is a type of chemical contraception.

25
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

LH stands for Luteinising Hormone.

26
Q

What is sometimes called the “master gland” because of its important role in the endocrine system?

A

The pituitary gland is described as the “master gland” of the body because it controls the functions of many of the other endocrine glands.

27
Q

Does the oral contraceptive pill directly affect the maturation of ova?

A

yes
The oral contraceptive pill has a direct effect on the maturation of ova.

28
Q

Name a glucose-regulating hormone produced by the pancreas

A

The body produces two hormones which work together to control the blood glucose concentration. One hormone is called insulin and the other glucagon

29
Q

Fertility is the measure of the ability to become __________. What one word completes the sentence?

A

pregnant

A woman who is able to become pregnant is said to be fertile.

30
Q

As well as oestrogen, what other hormone might an oral contraceptive contain?

A

progesterone
In addition to oestrogen, the hormone progesterone may be present in an oral contraceptive.

31
Q

Some modern birth control pills contain only one hormone. What is the name of the hormone?

A

progesterone

32
Q

Name the organ where oestrogen is made.

A

Oestrogen is a hormone made in a woman’s ovaries.

33
Q

Ovulation occurs approximately every how many days?

A

28
Ovulation, the shedding of an egg from the ovary, occurs once approximately every 28 days.

34
Q

True or false? Modern contraceptive pills have fewer side effects than earlier pills.

A

Modern contraceptive birth control pills have far fewer side effects than earlier pills due to the lower dosage of oestrogen.

35
Q

True or false? Thyroxine prepares the body for “fight or flight”.

A

false
The hormone thyroxine does not prepare the body for “fight or flight”.

36
Q

Oestrogen stops or slows the production of what hormone?

A

During the menstrual cycle, the hormone oestrogen stops or slows down the production of FSH.

37
Q

The first birth control pills contained large amounts of what hormone?

A

oestrogen.
Due to side effects, the pill now contains lower doses of oestrogen.

38
Q

Blood glucose levels are monitored by what?

A

Blood glucose levels are monitored by a gland called the pancreas, which is situated in the abdomen.

39
Q

Where is thyroxine produced?

A

The hormone thyroxine is produced in the thyroid gland.

40
Q

What chemical substances coordinate many processes in the body?

A

hormones
Hormones are chemical substances produced by the body that coordinate many body processes.

41
Q

After an egg is released, the empty follicle in the ovary secretes __________, which inhibits both FSH and LH. What word completes the sentence?

A

progesterone.

When an egg is released from an ovary, an empty follicle remains. This secretes the hormone progesterone.

42
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in boys during puberty?

A

testosterone
The hormone testosterone is responsible for bringing about the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in boys during puberty. Puberty begins around the ages of 10 to 16 years in boys.

43
Q

Hormones are usually transported to their target organs in the __________. What is the missing word?

A

bloodstream
Hormones are transported around the body in the blood from where they are made to where they are used.

44
Q

What type of structures secrete hormones? (Hint: give the general term, not specific examples.)

A

Endocrine glands
found in many parts of the body, secrete hormones in response to a stimulus.

45
Q

The lining of the uterus will be shed if the egg released at ovulation is not what?

A

fertilized
If an egg released at ovulation is not fertilised, the lining of the uterus does not become thicker. Instead, the uterus lining is shed as a period.

46
Q

where is adrenaline produced?

A

in the adrenal glands

47
Q

What does IVF stand for?

A

IVF stands for In Vitro Fertilisation.

48
Q

Type 1 diabetes can be controlled by injecting… what?

A

insulin
A person suffering with type 1 diabetes can control their blood sugar levels by injecting insulin into their body. This makes up for the body’s inability to produce its own insulin.

49
Q

Fill in the missing word in this sentence. LH stimulates the release of a mature __________ from the ovary.

A

ovum
LH circulates in the blood and when it reaches the ovary it causes a mature ovum to be released from the ovary.

50
Q

What does FSH stand for?

A

FSH stands for Follicle Stimulating Hormone.

51
Q

In what organ does ovulation take place?

A

ovary
Ovulation, or the release of an egg, occurs in the ovary.

52
Q

The hormone glucagon causes __________ to be converted into glucose. What is the missing word?

A

Glycogen.

53
Q

True or false? If a large, sugary dessert is eaten, the body will respond by producing less insulin.

A

False. If a person eats a large sugary dessert, their body will produce more insulin to decrease the concentration of sugar in their blood.

54
Q

what does insulin help do

A

Insulin helps to control the concentration of glucose in the blood by moving the glucose from the blood to the cells.v

55
Q

What gland secretes FSH and LH?

A

pituitary gland
What is the monthly shedding of the lining of the womb in the menstrual cycle called?

56
Q

What is the monthly shedding of the lining of the womb in the menstrual cycle called?

A

menstruation or a period.

57
Q

When glucagon acts upon liver cells, it stimulates the cells to convert glycogen into a soluble carbohydrate that is then released into the bloodstream. What is the name of this carbohydrate?

A

glucose

The hormone glucagon converts glycogen into a soluble carbohydrate called glucose. This is then transported around the body in the blood vessels.

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