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EMT > The Human Body Ch. 5 > Flashcards

The Human Body Ch. 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Patient is standing facing you, arms at side, with palms of the hands forward

A

Anatomic position

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2
Q

Coronal plane of the body

A

Front and back

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3
Q

Transverse

A

Top and bottom

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4
Q

Superficial landmarks of the body

A

Topographic anatomy

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5
Q

Sagittal (lateral) plane

A

Left and right

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6
Q

Midsagittal plane (midline)

A

Left and right-equal halves

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7
Q

Front surface of body

A

Anterior (ventral)

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8
Q

Back surface of the patient

A

Posterior (dorsal)

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9
Q

Right and left directional term

A

Right and left

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10
Q

Closest to the head

A

Superior

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11
Q

Closest to the feet

A

Inferior

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12
Q

Closest to the point of attachment

A

Proximal

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13
Q

Farthest away from point of attachment

A

Distal

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14
Q

Closest to the midline

A

Medial

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15
Q

Farthest from the midline

A

Lateral

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16
Q

Closest to the surface of the skin

A

Superficial

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17
Q

Farthest from the surface of the skin

A

Deep

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18
Q

Bending of a joint

A

Flexion

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19
Q

Straightening of a joint

A

Extension

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20
Q

Motion toward the midline

A

Adduction

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21
Q

Motion away from the midline

A

Abduction

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22
Q

Body part that appears on both sides of the midline is

A

Bilateral

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23
Q

Way to describe the sections of the abdominal cavity is by

A

Quadrants

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24
Q

What are the four quadrants that make up the abdomen

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

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25
Q

Lying face down

A

Prone

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26
Q

Lying face up

A

Supine

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27
Q

Sitting up with knees bent

A

Fowler’s Position

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28
Q

Supine on an incline with feet higher than their head to keep blood in the core of their body and increase blood flow to the brain
Have feet 6-12 inches higher than the head

A

Shock position (modified Trendelenburg’s position)

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29
Q

Lying on either side of body

A

Recovery position

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30
Q

Connects bone to bone

A

Ligament

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31
Q

Connects muscles to bones

A

Tendons

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32
Q

Soft, semi-flexible material found within joints

A

Cartilage

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33
Q

What are enclosed in the thorax

A

Heart, lungs, and great vessels

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34
Q

How many bones are in the body

A

206

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35
Q

Large opening at the base of the skull

A

Foramen magnum

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36
Q

What protects the brain and the facial bones

A

Cranium

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37
Q

How many bones compose the face

A

14

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38
Q

Sections of the spine

A

Vertebrae

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39
Q

How many vertebraes are there

A

33

40
Q

What forms the neck and how many are there

A

Cervical spine and 7 vertebrae

41
Q

Which part of the spine attaches to the ribs

A

Thoracic spine 12 of them

42
Q

What comes after the thoracic spine

A

Lumbar spine 5 of them

43
Q

What vertebrae are fused together

A

The five sacral vertebrae which form into one bone called the sacrum. Help to form the pelvis

44
Q

Last vertebrae

A

Coccyx which are the last four vertebrae that forms the coccyx or tailbone

45
Q

The chest is also known as the

A

Thoracic cavity

46
Q

The thoracic cavity contains the

A

Heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels the aorta and two venae cavae

47
Q

Bone in arm that lies on the lateral or thumb side of the forearm

A

Radius

48
Q

Bone in the arm that is on the medial or little finger side

A

Ulna

49
Q

Supporting bone of the arm

A

Humerus

50
Q

Longest and strongest bone in the body

A

Femur (thigh bone)

51
Q

Where does the femur connect into the acetabulum (pelvic girdle)

A

Femoral head

52
Q

Projection on the lateral/superior portion of the femur is called the

A

Greater trochanter

53
Q

Projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur is called the

A

Lesser trochanter

54
Q

Projections which are anchor points where the major muscles of the thigh connect to the femur

A

Greater and lesser trochanter

55
Q

Anterior to the knee is the bone called the

A

Patella

56
Q

Larger bone that lies anterior of the leg

A

Tibia (shin bone)

57
Q

Bone that lies lateral to the side of the leg

A

Fibula

58
Q

Wherever two long bones come in contact a what is formed

A

Joint (articulation)

59
Q

What type of muscle is found within blood vessels and intestines

A

Smooth muscle

60
Q

What type of muscle is found within the heart

A

Cardiac muscle

61
Q

Two muscle names that are associated and allow movement

A

Skeletal muscle and voluntary muscle because all skeletal muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be stimulated to contract or relax at will

62
Q

Muscle of the upper arm which is located anterior of the humerus

A

Bicep

63
Q

Muscle in the arm which is posterior to humerus

A

Tricep

64
Q

What structures are included that contribute to respiration

A

Nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and diaphragm

65
Q

Two passageways that are located at the bottoms of the pharynx

A

The esophagus which is behind and the trachea (windpipe) in front

66
Q

Protecting the opening of the trachea is a thin, leaf-shaped valve called the

A

Epiglottis

67
Q

What is easily seen in the middle of the front of the neck

A

Adam’s Apple or thyroid cartilage

68
Q

What is immediately below the thyroid cartilage and is the location used for the Sellick maneuver to help maintain a proper airway

A

Cricoid cartilage

69
Q

Depression that can be fall in the midline of the neck just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the

A

Cricothyroid membrane

70
Q

How many lobes are in each lung

A

3 on the right. Upper middle and lower

2 on the left. Upper and lower

71
Q

The bronchioles end in about 700 million tiny grapelike sacs called

A

Alveoli

72
Q

Covering each lung is a layer of very smooth tissue called

A

Pleura

73
Q

Between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura is the

A

Pleural space

74
Q

What is the primary muscle that is is involved in making the lungs expand and contract and how is it unique

A

The diaphragm and it has the characteristics of voluntary (skeletal) and involuntary (smooth) muscles

75
Q

For the most part, what type of muscle does the diaphragm behave like

A

Involuntary muscle

76
Q

Simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment

A

Ventilation

77
Q

Process of gas exchange

A

Respiration

78
Q

Passive process in which molecules move from an area with a higher concentration of molecules to an area of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

79
Q

How much oxygen does exhaled air contain

A

16%

80
Q

“Backup system” to control respiration is called the

A

Hypoxic drive

81
Q

The circulatory system is a complex arrangement of connected tubes including

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

82
Q

Blue skin

A

Cyanotic

83
Q

Occasional gasping breaths

A

Agonal gasps

84
Q

Normal respiratory rate range for adults

A

12-20 breaths/min

85
Q

Normal respiratory rate range for children

A

15-30

86
Q

Normal respiratory rate range for infants

A

25-50

87
Q

The heart is made of specialized muscle tissue called cardiac muscle or

A

Myocardium

88
Q

Upper chamber of heart

A

Atrium

89
Q

Lower chamber of heart

A

Ventricle

90
Q

The left side of the heart supplies blood to where

A

To the body and is a high pressure pump

91
Q

The right side of the heart supplies blood where

A

To the lungs and is a low pressure pump

92
Q

Amount of blood moved in one beat is called the

A

Stroke volume

93
Q

Amount of blood moved in one minute is called the

A

Cardiac output

94
Q

Cardiac output is equal to what

A

HR x SV

95
Q

What carries freshly oxygenated blood to the body

A

Aorta

EMT (6 decks)

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