Pharmacology Ch. 7 Flashcards
What is the process by which a medication works on the body
Pharmacodynamics
Medication that causes stimulation of receptors is called a(n)
Agonist
Medications that bind to a receptor and block other medications are called
Antagonist or blockers
What is the amount of medication given
Dose
The what is the therapeutic effect or ________ effect that a medication is expected to have on the body
Action and intended
What are reasons or conditions for which a particular medication is given
Indications
Process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream
Absorption
An oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses. It is ground into a very fine powder that provides the greatest possible surface area for binding medications that have been taken by mouth
Activated charcoal
A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory, and potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping)
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)
Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate, for example, a condition in which a medication should not be given because it would not help or may actually harm a patient
Contraindications
Medications that enter the body through the digestive system
Enteral medications
A medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree; you may also be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication
Epinephrine
A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes
Gel
The original chemical name of a medication
Generic name (not capitalized)
An abnormally low blood glucose level
Hypoglycemia
The therapeutic uses for a specific medication
Indications
Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route
Inhalation
The effect that a medication is expected to have on the body
Intended effect
An injection into a muscle and its rate of absorption
Intramuscular (IM) injection
Rate: moderate
A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the nare
Intranasal (IN)
Into the bone; medication route and its rate of absorption
Intraosseous (IO)
Rate: immediate
An injection directly into the vein
Intravenous (IV) injection
Rate: immediate
A miniature spray canister through which droplets or particles of medication may be inhaled
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and pushes it into a nostril
Mucosal atomizer device (MAD)
A medication that increase cardiac perfusion by causing arteries to dilate; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication
Nitroglycerin
By mouth; medication delivery route
Oral
Rate: slow
A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream
Oral glucose
Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications
A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain especially cannot function without it
Oxygen
When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication
Patient-assisted medication
When the EMT administers medication to him or herself or to a partner
Peer-assisted medication
Through the mouth; medication delivery route
Per os (PO) Rate: slow
Through the rectum; delivery route
Per rectum (PR) Rate: rapid
The study of the properties and effects of medications
Pharmacology
The use of multiple medications on a regular basis
Polypharmacy
Any effects of a medication other than the desired ones
Side effects
A liquid mixture that cannot separate by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand
Solution
Injection into the tissue between the skin and muscle
Subcutaneous (SC) injection
Rate: slow
Under the tongue; medication delivery route and its rate of absorption
Sublingual (SL)
Rate: rapid
A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve
Suspension
Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surface of the skin
Topical medications
Brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication
Trade name (is capitalized)
Through the skin; medication delivery route
Transcutaneous (transdermal)
Rate: slow
Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient
Unintended effect
Actions that can be harmful to the patient
Untoward effects
Enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, the skin, or the mucous membrane
Parenteral medications
What are the “six rights” of medication administration
Right patient Right medication Right dose Right route Right time Right documentation
What is the chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relive pain
Medication
