BLS Resuscitation Ch. 11 Flashcards
What are the ABCs that care focuses on
Airway (obstruction), breathing (respiratory arrest), and circulation (cardiac arrest or severe bleeding)
If what is suspected what should the order of the ABCs become and why
Cardiac arrest and the order should be CAB because chest compressions are essential and must be started as quickly as possible
Permanent brain damage is possible if the brain is without oxygen for how long? And when is brain damage likely
Possible after 4-6 minutes and likely after 6
CPR stands for
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
What are the steps for CPR
- Restore circulation by means of chest compressions to circulate blood through the body
- After performing 30 high-quality compressions at least 2” deep in an adult and at the rate of at least 100 per min, open the airway with the jaw thrust or head tilt chin lift maneuver
- Restore breathing by means of rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth), (mouth to nose), (or use of mechanical ventilation devices)
When is CPR used and why
To establish artificial ventilation and circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse
What are the 5 links in the chain of survival
Early access Early CPR Early defibrillation Early advanced care Integrated post-arrest care
Sudden cardiac rhythm disturbance
Arrhythmia
Normal heart rhythm is known as a
Normal sinus rhythm
What is the disorganized twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest
Ventricular fibrillation
What is a rapid contraction of the ventricles that does not allow for normal filling
Ventricular tachycardia
AED stands for
Automated external defibrillator
Cardiac arrest in children is usually the result of what
Respiratory failure
How many cycles of CPR should be performed prior to delivering shocks with an AED
5 cycles
If the child is between 1 month and 1 year (an infant) and is in suspected cardiac arrest what should you do?
Call for paramedic backup (a manual defibrillator is referred to an AED)
How to access the needs for BLS
- Is the scene safe
- How many patients are there
- What is my initial impression of the patients
- Are there bystanders who may have additional info
- What is the mechanism of injury or nature of illness
- Do I suspect trauma
- Does the dispatch info match what I am seeing
If the patient does not respond to verbal or physical stimulation he or she is
Unconscious
A child is a person between what years
1-the onset of puberty so 12-14
SIDS stands for
Sudden infant death syndrome
How do you find the carotid artery
Locate the larynx at the front of the deck and then slide two fingers toward one side (the side closest to you) apply light pressure and check for at least 5 sec but no more than 10 sec
If a patient has a pulse but is not breathing what should you do
Provide reduce breaths at a rate of 10-12 breaths/min or one every 5-6 secs for an adult and 3-5 for an infant or child
When external chest compressions are performed as proficiently as possible they still circulate __________________________
Only one third of the blood that is normally pumped by the heart
How to perform chest compressions properly
- Place hand on the sternum in the center of the chest
- Arms straights, elbows locked, position shoulders directly over hands
- Depress sternum at least 2” (in adults) and rise gently upward to allow the chest to return to normal position but do not remove the heel of your hand from the chest
- Most be smooth, rhythmic and uninterrupted
What maneuver is used for patients with no indication of spinal injury
Head tilt-chin lift maneuver
If spinal injury is suspected how may you open the airway
Jaw-thrust maneuver
How to perform reduce breathing in an adult
- Open airway
- Press on forehead to maintain backward tilt of the head. Pinch nostrils together with thumb and index finger
- Depress lower lip with the thumb of the hand that is lifting the chin
- Open patients mouth widely and place barrier device over the mouth and nose
- Take a deep breath and make a tight seal with your mouth around the device. Give 2 slow breaths each lasting 1 sec
- Remove mouth and watch for movement of patients chest
How to open airway with suspected neck or spine injury
Use jaw-thrust maneuver and keep patients mouth open with both thumbs as you move from above the patients head to the side. Seal nose by placing your cheek against the patients nostrils
Artificial ventilation may result in the stomach becoming filled with air, a condition called
Gastric distention (occurs more easily in children)
How is gastric distention likely to occur
By ventilating too fast or with too much pressure as you ventilate
What is a valve device placed between the endotracheal tube and a bag mask device which is designed to limit air entering the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions
Impedance threshold device (ITD)
Device that depresses the sternum via a compressed gas-powered plunger mounted on a backboard
Mechanical piston device
Circumferential chest compression device composed of a constricting band and backboard
Load-distributing band (LDB)
In most cases, cardiac arrest in infants and children _____ respiratory arrest
Follows
For infant and child CPR what should you focus on first?
Opening an airway and providing artificial ventilation
Pediatric BLS 4 steps:
- Determining responsiveness
- Circulation
- Airway
- Breathing
Where is the brachial artery located
Inner side of the arm midway between the elbow and shoulder. Use with infants
CPR on an infant
- Position on a flat surface while maintaining the airway with hand
- Imagine line drawn between the nipples. Place 2 fingers in the middle of the sternum just below the nipple line
- Compress sternum approx 1.5” in most infants or 1/3 anterior-posterior diameter of the chest
- Coordinate rapid compressions and ventilations at 30:2 working alone, and 15:2 working with a partner
CPR on a child
- Place child on a firm surface
- Place hand(s) in center of chest in between the nipples. Avoid over the lower tip of the sternum, which is the xiphoid process
- Compress chest at least 1/3 of anterior-posterior diameter of the chest approx 2”
- 30:2 ratio for single 15:2 for double
- After 5 cycles (about 2 min) assess for signs of breathing or a pulse. If there is no pulse apply an AED
Obvious sign of death that involves discoloration of the skin caused by pooling of blood
Dependent lividity (livor mortis)
Stiffening of the body after death
Rigor mortis
When to stop BLS
S: the patient STARTS breathing and has a pulse
T: the patient is TRANSFERRED to another person who is trained in BLS or ALS
O: you are OUT of strength or too tired to continue (literally)
P: a PHYSICIAN who is present or providing online medical direction assumes responsibility for the patient and gives direction to discontinue CPR
Noninvasive emergency lifesaving care that is used to treat medical conditions
Basic life support (BLS)
