the human body Flashcards
anatomy
the study of the structure of an organism
physiology
study of the normal functions of an organism
tissues
cells that cluster together for a specialized function
organ
made up of at least two different types of tissue
vital organs
brain, heart and lungs
organ system
tissues and organs that work together to provide a common function
homeostasis
constant internal enviroment, aka steady state
cell metabolism
sum of the chemical reactions that occur within cells
aerobic metabolism
cell metabolism that occurs in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic metabolism
cell metabolism that does not require oxygen
intracellular fluid ICF
fluid contained within the body’s cells Accounts for 2/3 of fluid
extracellular fluid ECF
outside the body’s cells. Accounts for 1/3 of body’s fluid
dilate
expanding of blood vessels
cranial cavity
located in the head
spinal cavity
extends from bottom of skull to lower back
central nervous system CNS
made up of brain and spinal cord
thoracic cavity
chest
pericardial cavity
heart is located within
pleural cavities
lungs are located within
abdominal cavity
between diaphragm and pelvis
peritoneal cavity
potential space between two membranes that line the abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
no seperation, but lower abdominal cavity
navel
umbilicus/ belly button
right upper quadrant
liver, gallbladder, portions of stomach, major blood vessels
left upper quadrant
stomach, spleen, and pancreas
right lower quadrant
appendix
left lower quadrant
intestines
saggital plane
left and right half
frontal plane
anterior and posterior
transverse
through mid section
sketal system
body has 206 bones
axial skeleton
includes the skull,spinal column, sternum and ribs
appendicular skeleton
upper and lower extremities
shoulder girdle
colar bone, shoulder blades
pelvic girdle
pelvis
cranium
8 bones that make up your head
cervical spine contains
7 vertebrae, holds the head
chest/ thorax
12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs
true ribs
pairs 1-7 attached in front to sternum
false ribs
pairs 8-10, attach to cartilage
floating ribs
pairs 11 and 12, not attached in front
xiphoid process
inferior position of breast bone
upper extremities
bones of shoulder girdle, the arms, forearms, and hands
lower extremities
pelvis, upper legs, lower legs, and feet
skeletal muscles
move the skeleton, produce heat, maintain posture
tendons
strong cords of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone
ligaments
groups of connective tissue that attach bones to bones or to cartilage
muscle tone
state of partial contraction, when not moving
smooth involuntary muscle
found in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, blood vessels, eyes, and bronchi. You cannot control its movements
cardiac muscle
found in walls of the heart
fraction of inspired oxygen
pecentage of oxygen in the air inhaled
Spine /vertebral column contains
32 or 33 vertebrae
