The Human Flashcards
Types of User Knowledge
- Interface Knowledge
- Domain Knowledge
Sensors
- Vision
- Hearing
- Taste
- Smell
- Touch
seeing begins with the perception of light
through the eye’s lens
Vision
property of light leading to
perception of color
Frequency
brightness, the rate at which light
energy is delivered to a unit of surface
Intensity
The eye is stationary, denoting that
attention is fixed at a point
Fixations
The eye is moving, denoting that
attention is shifting from one point to another
Saccades
sequence of fixation and saccades
or trace of eye movement
Scanpath
detection of sound by humans
Hearing
the physical property of intensity
Loudness
Frequency of the sound
Pitch
Richness of the sound; dependent on
harmonic structure of the sound
Timbre
Buildup and transition in time
Envelope
controlled by a huge network
of nerve endings and touch receptors in the
skin known as the somatosensory system.
Sense of Touch
refers to just one aspect of the
somatosensory system
Touch
Includes sensory receptors in the skin, muscles,
bones, joints
Provides information on touch, temperature,
pain, and body and limb position
ability to perceive odors
Smell (Olfaction)
chemical reception
Taste (Gustation)
refers to HCI as upper body, Used to
manipulate keyboards, mice, and other
controllers. (fingers, hands, arms)
Limbs
sounds created by a combination of
movement in the larynx and pulmonary
pressure.
Voice
Can be used as input for automatic speech
recognition.
Voice
usually used as a sensor but may also be
used as an input e.g. Eye tracking Systems
Eyes
The Human Factor
- Perception
- Cognition
- Memory
the process by which the brain interprets
and organizes the chaos that bombards our senses, is formed and how it affects our memories.
Perception
refers to thinking (reasoning & problem solving)
Cognition
Three types of Reasoning
- Deductive
- Inductive
- Abductive
Problem-Solving examples
- Gestalt (based on experience)
- Problem space theory (Probability)
- Analogy
(visual) persistence of the image after
the stimulus has been removed
Iconic
(aural) allows a brief “play back”
Echoic
touch
Haptic
Smell and Taste
4 types of Sensory Memory
- Iconic
- Echoic
- Haptic
- Smell and Taste
- Scratch-pad for temporary recall
- Used for information needed fleetingly
- Rapid access, limited capacity
- Patterns were used for memory aids
Short Term Memory
Information held in LTM is not
represented as patterns of neural
activity but rather as changes in brain
wiring neurons
Long Term Memory
Long Term Memory (Capacity)
virtually unlimited
Long-Term Memory (Duration)
up to lifetime
Long-Term Memory (Processing)
Processing: information is organized
according to meaning and associatively
linked.
amount learned is
proportional to amount of time spent
Total Time Hypothesis
Information must be meaningful for it to be
stored
old replaced by new or vice versa
Interference
new information replaces the
old
Retroactive Interference
the old memory interferes with the
new information
Proactive Inhibition
the info has been seen
before
Recognition
reproduced from memory
Recall
Mental faculty that allows us to communicate
Language
little to none shallow
novice
little to none shallow
first time
some, but not specific
knowledgeable intermittent
expert
expert frequent
The use of a mouse is an example of natural relationships.
True
The GPUs are made to accelerate the creation of images for display.
True
This reasoning is the way of arriving at generalizations from observations we have seen about cases we have not seen.
Inductive Reasoning
Last Song Syndrome
Short Term Memory
Articulation is where the user communicates the task in the input language.
True
Changing your focus from one point to another creates movement. This movement is called scanpath.
saccades
Knowing your user is just a piece of cake. It is easy as 1, 2, 3.
False
B2V allows the driver to be safer while driving. Its goal is to access the driver’s intention, between 0.2 and 0.8 seconds, before it could be executed
True
The human brain consists of ____ stages in processing information.
3
There are 2 stages in information processing in the human brain.
False
HCI always considers the sense of taste in designing systems.
False
It pertains to the understanding of the real-world activities or tasks that the user interface aims to accomplish.
Domain Knowledge
According to Allen Newell, user proficiency profile shows us how knowledgeable the users in the interface and domain.
False Time Scale is Newell
Whole-body tracking devices are commonly seen in arcades.
True
Soft controls pertain to the GUI which controls the system.
True
Laptop hard drives are ________ than to those in desktops.
Slower
Hard disk drives (HDD) are far more expensive than solid-state drives (SSD) .
False SSD are more expensive
It allows the computer to do multitasking.
main memory
Human memory decay overtime, only fragments may still be present to them.
True
The problem-space theory is a kind of problem-solving technique that draws upon past experiences.
False
Tactition is the feeling of clicking effect of the mouse buttons.
False
