The Holocaust Flashcards
What was the origin of anti-semitism?
Dates back to Roman times (after 1066)
Jews were blamed for killing Jesus
They were not Christian
They were wrongly blamed for problems e.g. murders, plagues
Why did Jews first come to Britain?
William the Conqueror invited them (1066)
Germany, Poland ,Norway, France, Greece etc..
What persecution did Jews face in Medieval England ?
Certain jobs were stopped
Made to live in ghettos
Forced to wear hats, badges, other clothing to show they were Jewish
Forced to leave their country
What jobs were Jews allowed when they first came in 11c?
Only work as money-lenders. They became rich as they charged interest.
How did the Nazi’s increase anti-Semitic actions ?
1933 - Told people not to shop at Jewish shops; Jewish school children were reduced; removed Jews from media
1935 - Jews removed from army; Anti-Semitic Nuremberg Laws introduce (Only German blood could become citizen; Jews were not allowed to marry or go out with a German)
1936 - financial assistance for children removed: Jewish teachers were only allowed to teach Jews
1937 - Not able to get a university degree
1938 - Removed licence to be a doctor, lawyer etc; Had to declare how much money they have; had to include Sarah or Israel in their name; red Jew stamp in passport; Not able to got to school; yellow star on clothing
What is genocide?
An act intended to destroy a national, ethnic, racial or religious group
What does anti-semitism mean?
Strong dislike for Jews
What was the Holocaust?
Mass killing of nearly six million European Jews during WWII (1939-1945)
4-6 point question on the Holocaust?
Define anti-semitism
How many Jews in Germany in 1920?
Define life of Jews
Anti-semitism is hatred of Jewish people.
1% of Jews in Germany in 1920s
They were wealthy, married to Germans, fought in WWI and majority were citizens.
Germans were jealous of their success
The Jews were then labelled as being anti-race, not really human.
After WW1 when Germany was defeated, Jews were blamed.
1933 Hitler started persecution of Jews
1935 Nuremberg Law removed civil rights for Jews e.g. not able to vote, marry Germans, go out at night
1940s Jewish people had to wear a yellow star (Star of David), put into ghettos and then camps (.e.g Auschwitz) and a mass killing of 6 million Jews occurred
What is a ghetto ?
Germans conquered Poland in WWII
2 million Polish Jews as a ‘big problem’ (e.g. spread stories, diseases, threat to security)
Moved Polish Jews to certain towns and cities that would be called ghettos.
Ghettos were separated from others and Jewish people were not able to leave or contact anyone.
Conditions in ghettos were appalling. On average, there were between eight and ten people living in every room. Food rations were deliberately low. On average, people received 1,200 calories a day in 1940, and this later dropped further. Between 1940 and 1942, it is estimated that up to 100,000 people died of starvation in the Warsaw ghetto.
Why were ghettos a ‘temporary solution’?
Nazis wanted to remove Jewish people outside of Europe.
What was the largest ghetto in Europe? Where else where they ?
The Warsaw ghetto (460,000 Jews)
Germany, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Russia
Inference source questions - when the sources include words eg Germany, ghettos, camps
If a source advises ‘ghetto’
If a source advises ‘Babi Yar’
If a source advises ‘Wannsee Conference’
If a sources advised ‘outbreak of typhus in 1941’
If a source includes Jews, yellow stars, overcrowding, poor clothing, diseases etc…
then describe the Jewish time in The Holocaust and knowledge about living in a ghetto and where they went to afterwards
What was the Wansee Conference?
Nazi meeting 1942 set out how they would implement mass murder of Jews
Why did some people resist Nazi regime / why was it difficult to resist ?
They were going to be sent to their death
They had limited food, medicines so not very strong. Also they included elderly, women and children. They didnt’ have any weapons. They had no communication outside of their ghetto.
What role did the Jewish council perform?
They were important Jewish men who ran the ghettos and carried out Nazi orders
E.g. food rations, mediciines, housing
How did the Jews fight back?
Resistance movements in 100 ghettos in 1941-1943 to organise attacks against Nazis (some escaped)
Prisoners were weak but some managed :
1. Steal weapons, burned bulidings - 300 escaped (lots were murdered) (Treblinka)
2. 12 Guards killed - 300 escaped (Sobibor)
3. Blew up building and attacked guards - 250 prisons although recaptured (Auschwitz)
What was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in 1943?
Jewish residents of the ghetto shot at officers who were going to take them to death camps.
Officers began burning down buildings in the ghetto and the uprising ended on 16 May 1943, with the blowing up of the Great Synagogue in the ghetto.
It is estimated that there were 110 officers killed but 13,000 Jews were killed.
A concentration camp was built on the site of the ghetto ruins.
Who were the partisans
Resistance groups who escaped capture (30,000 Jews) . They lived in forests, swamps and mountains
Who were the other people persecuted during WWII by the Nazis ?
Gypsies (Roma and Sinti)
What was the Nazi-occupied Poland?
General Government (2 million Polish Jews)
Name 3 main death camps?
- Auschwitz - 1942-1945 1.1M
250 prisoners blew up building, attacked guards. all were captured - Sobibor 1942 - 1943, Up to 0.25M.
Killed 12 guards. 50 of 300 survived - Treblinka 1942-1943, 870k
Seized weapons, fire and rushed to main gate. Most of 300 were caught.
What did resettlement mean in WWII
Death
