Immigration Nation Flashcards
What is an immigrant?
Someone who comes to live in Britain from another country.
What are economic migrants?
People who come to work in Britain to work. Visas are provided.
What are asylum seekers?
Fled to Britain to avoid war, natural disaster or persecution from home country.
If they are allowed to stay, they become ‘refugees’ 26%.
What is an illegal immigrant?
Enter Britain without permission or overstay their Visa.
1,000,000 illegal immigrants in Britain.
Why do people migrate?
PEES
Political
Economical
Social
Environmental
Who were Britain’s earliest migrants (after Bronze Age)?
CRAVN
Celts, 500 BC
Religious rituals e.g. Halloween and May Day
Farmers
Romans (Italy) 43AD
Roads, Roman Towns e.g. Bath, English Language e.g street, Laws)
Anglo-Saxons (Denmark, N Italy), 450 AD -
Gave England its name (Angle-land)
Farmers
Vikings (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) 800 AD Took over much land. Split UK in two - Anglo Saxon (SW) and Viking (NE) but eventually peace
Viking King 1016
Normans (Normandy, France) 1066
Took over England / Wales (not Scotland or Ireland)
Castles and Cathedrals and Dictionary words, new laws and taxes
What South Asian countries are in the British Empire
Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka
What is the British Empire?
Places once ruled by Britain (British empire: 1583 - 1997)
What is a Lascar?
South Asian legal immigrants who were sailors, deckhands, cooks or militia men in the 1700s and 1800s (still under the British Empire until 1947)
What is an Ayah ?
South Asian nannies / nursemaids
Why did S Asian migrate to Britain in the 1950s/1960s ?
British Empire enabled easier travel
Studying
Natural Disasters
Avoid local War after WWII
Economics/Jobs
Persecution
Sports
Beauty
Define Eastern Europe?
Poland, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Russia and Croatia
How far back was E Europe migrants to Britain before WWII?
1500’s - Grain merchants from Poland (pull)
1600’s - Students from Hungary (pull)
1700’s - Polish Protestants fled persecution (push)
1800’s - Jewish fled poverty and pogroms (ethnic killing) (push)
Who was a famous Jewish migrant from EEurope in 1800s?
Michael Marks - 1882 escaped Jewish persecution and founded M&S in 1894 along with Tom Spencer.
Why was there a large increase of Eastern European migrants to Britain in the latest 1900’s and 2000’s
Jews fled places under Nazi Control
Polish Resettlement act in 1947 allowed Polish people who had helped in WWII to come to Britain (100,000 poles came once the act was passed)
Children without parents were rescued (e.g. Kindertransport was rescue of 10,000 children from 1938-1939)
Adults who joined the British army or air force
What was the Polish Resettlement Act in 1947?
Law that provided Polish people British citizenship due to significant help during WWII
What is the European voluntary workers (EVW) scheme?
After WWII, Britain needed to recruit workers to rebuild Britain (factories, mines, hospitals and transport network)
Migrants that arrived could not change jobs unless approved by government
Many were discriminated .e.g not promoted
They lived in camps
Poor schooling
They formed choirs, dances, festivals, sports teams etc
Last camps still in 1970s !
What is EEC?
European Economic Community
What led to the EEC being established?
1957 to 1992
European leaders wanted to avoid another war and instead to create peace as there were lots of immigrants with different languages, culture and history.
EU countries joined together to improve economy and given citizenship status
It was then called EU (European Union) in 1992
When did Britain join EEC?
1973 (they joined later as they were already part of British Empire)
They joined because of the improvements to economy
Why did migration to Britain from EU countries increase in the 1970s?
Britain joined EEC in 1973
Britain left EU in 2020
What is the name of the ship that brought Caribbean to Britain and when?
Empire Windrush, 22 June 1948
Why did attitudes towards Black immigrants change?
Professional footballer - Walter Tull (1800s)
Violinist - George Bridgtower (1800s)
Worked for King Henry VII / VIII - John Blank (1500s)
Vote for working men in Britain - William Cuffay (1800s)
End British Slave trade - Oladaua Equiano (1700s)
Helped British Soldiers - Mary Seacole (1800s)
Composer/Campaigner of civil rights - Samuel Coleridge- Taylor (1800s)
What is the Windrush Generation?
1948
Ship named Empire Windrush came to UK carrying 1,027 Caribbean immigrants
(Increased to 40,000 per year WWII)
Caribbean (Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad) were part of the British Empire
They worked in army, navy and airforce helping Britain win the war.
