World War I Flashcards
What was the Austro-Hungarian empire?
1867 - 1914
Dual monarchy Germany and Austria
Romania Slovaki Austra Hungary
Who was the Archduke Franz Ferdinand ?
Heir to throne of Austro-Hungary
Why was Archduke in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28, 1914?
Inspecting the empire’s army with his wife
Why did Serbian dislike Austria-Hungary?
Serbia was taken over Austria-Hungary and they wanted to become independent.
What was the name of the Serbian Nationalist group who organised the assassination and who was their leader?
Black Hands, Gavrilo Princip
What were the events which preceded the assassination of the Archduke in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914?
First assassination attempt (grenade at car) failed on his way to City Hall. Some were wounded
After City Hall event, on his way to visiting people wounded, car took a wrong turn and he and wife was shot by Princip.
What happened after the event of the assassination?
What is the July Crisis?
Hostility between Serbia and Austria-Hungary increased (July Crisis).
Austria delivered ultimatum to Serbia to find assassinator but they failed and war was declared on July 28, 1914.
After Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, hositility between Ser
Pre-1914 in Europe - What was impact of Militarism?
**European countries believed: It was important to have the biggest and best military.
**Before 1914, EU countries ** Spent more money to increase size of army and number of warships
**War was more likely because: ** Countries in Europe were threatened by increasing military in different countries so they became suspcisious of eachother.
Note: Naval rivaly between Britain and Germany between 1805 and 1914. Germany said they would build a more powerful Germany Navy 1898. Britain build HM Dreadnoughts (29 new warships built between 1906-1914) and Germany responded by building 17 warships.
What is the HMS Dreadnoughts?
29 new warships built between 1906-1914. this was in response to Germany’s announcement in 1898 in making a bigger German navy power.
What is Imperialism?
**European countries believed: ** To conquer and control other countries (to colonise) to build a stronger empire.
Before 1914, EU countries: Britain and France were strong imperial powers (Britain controlled 205 of the globe). Germany wanted to create an empire and in 1905 interfered with France’s control in N Africa - Germany would support Morocco. In response France and Britain increased naval power.
**War was more likely because: ** Different nations in the Empire wanted more rights/powers e.g. nationalism in Bosnia and Serbia increased
What is Nationalism?
**European countries believed: ** being patriotic and taking great pride of your country made their people, country and way of doing things more superior.
Before 1914, EU countries: Germany relied on nationalisam to hold the country together. France wanted to recover land from Germany lost in Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1.
**War was more likely because: ** Rivalries between differnt countries wanting to become more powerful. Britain was most powerful in 20 century; being nationalistic.
Why did WW1 (the Great War) start?
AMIN Alliance, Military, Imperialism, Nationalism
- Alliances- with countries to help prevent war created mistrust with other countries
- Militarianism -many countries build large armies and navies
- Imperialism - EU nations were creating empires/coming into conflict
- Nationalism - countries showing their power and strength over other countries
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 28 June 1914 by a Serbian. He was heir to Austria-Hungary. This lead to Austria-Hungary triggering a war with Serbia.
- Naval race created conflict between Germany and UK
- Kaiser Whilhelm II’s wanted German empire threatening UK and France
As a result:
Russia got involved as they had an alliance with Serbia
Germany declared war on Russia as they hand an alliance with Austria-Hungary
Britain declared war on Germany because of its invasion in Belgium
When was WWI declared?
August 1914 - 1918 ( 4 years)
Where were the main fronts of the Great War?
A front is where 2 armies meet
The German Schlieffen Plan was to quickly defeat Belgium/France, before heading east to Russia.
Also fighting in Turkey and Italy.
Why did the war not end sooner than Germany planned?
Belgian army much stronger
This slowed charge to France
British also held Germany back
Russian attacked sooner than planned.
Germans retreated and dug trenches which were too difficult to breakthrough.
No one could win - it was stalemate
