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ELS 2ND QUARTER > The Historical Development of the Concept of Life > Flashcards

The Historical Development of the Concept of Life Flashcards

1
Q

This hypothesis explains that life originated on another planet outside our solar system

A

Extraterrestrial Origin Theory

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2
Q

This theory presumes that the “seed” of life exists all over the universe and can be propagated through space

A

Panspermia

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3
Q

Many people believed that life was put on earth by divine forces

A

Divine Creation

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4
Q

A theory in which scientists believe that life arose on Earth from inanimate matter after Earth had cooled

A

Origin from Non-living Matter Theory

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5
Q

A theory in which scientists stated that random events probably produced stable molecules that could self-replicate

A

Origin from Non-Living Matter Theory

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6
Q

When did the rapid diversification of animals, plants, and fungi appear; origin of humans about 2 million years?

A

> 0.5 BYA

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7
Q

When did the earliest animals, first multicellular organisms, and diverse protists appear?

A

> 1.0 BYA

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8
Q

When did the first eukaryotes appear?

A

> 1.5 BYA

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9
Q

When did diverse and abundant bacteria appear?

A

> 2.0 BYA

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10
Q

When did photosynthesis begin?

A

> 2.5 BYA

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11
Q

When did bacteria diversify?

A

> 3.0 BYA

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12
Q

When did the first bacteria appear?

A

> 3.5 BYA

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13
Q

When did the oldest rocks appear?

A

> 4.0 BYA

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14
Q

When did the earth form?

A

> 4.5 BYA

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15
Q

Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. Experimented with raw meat, maggots, and flies.

A

Francisco Redi

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16
Q

Established that microorganisms do not grow from eggs and proposed the theory of Spontaneous Generation

A

John Needham

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17
Q

Disposed the theory of spontaneous generation. His hypothesis is “Microbes move through the air and can be killed through boiling.”

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani

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18
Q

Rejected the theory of Spontaneous Generation. His hypothesis is “If cells could arise from nonliving substances, then they should appear spontaneously in sterile broth.”

A

Louis Pasteur

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19
Q

Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. “Microbes move through the air and can be killed through boiling.”

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani

20
Q

How old is the earth?

A

Earth’s age is about 4.5 billion years old.

21
Q

Describe how Earth was like before.

A

Violent, disordered, chaotic.

22
Q

the energy accumulated during the burial of heat by impacts as the planet grows through the accretion of planetesimals.

A

Accretional Energy

23
Q
  • Particles from other planets
  • When planets release heat, forms particles, and creates microfossils on earth.
A

Accretional energy

24
Q

Were announced to have been discovered in hydrothermal vent precipitates 4.28 billion years ago.

A

Fossils (Microfossils)

25
Q

Cells that do not have a nucleus.

A

Prokaryotes

26
Q

What type of microorganism are the prokaryotes?

A

Unicellular Microorganism

27
Q

Examples of prokaryotes.

A

Bacteria and archaea

28
Q

One of the very first forms of life.

A

Prokaryote / Unicellular Microorganism

29
Q

It is the part of the cell that contains genetic material.

A

Nucleus

30
Q

Describe the atmosphere before.

A

Rich in nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and deficient in oxygen.

31
Q

What kind of environment was the atmosphere before?

A

Anoxic Environment

32
Q

This type of organism is capable of surviving without oxygen.

A

Anaerobic Organism

33
Q

Also known as blue-green algae.

A

Cyano-bacteria

34
Q

Conducted photosynthesis using sunlight, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

A

Cyano-bacteria

35
Q

Complex cell organisms

A

Multicellular Organism

36
Q

What type of organism are Eukaryotes?

A

Multicellular Organism

37
Q

This includes plants, animals, humans, and other forms of multicellular life.

A

Eukaryotes

38
Q

Order of evolution of life.

A

Earth forms > First life form (Prokaryote) > Photosynthesis is conducted (cyanobacteria) > Multicellular Organisms > Evolution

39
Q
  • Plays a pivotal role
  • “Concept of when” is always debatable
A

Evolution

40
Q

A theory that states that life came from non-living matter

A

Abiogenesis / Spontaneous Generation

41
Q

Life forms existing today have been created by a supreme being

A

Creation Theory / Divine Creation Theory

42
Q

A theory that states that life forms existing today have been created by a supreme being

A

Creation Theory

43
Q

A theory that states that life forms existing today have been created by a supreme being

A

Creation Theory

44
Q

Theory that states that life came from other pre-existing life

A

Biogenesis Theory

45
Q

Scientists who study the fossilized remains of all kinds of organisms

A

Paleontologist

46
Q

These scientists discovered the age of the earth by studying the microfossils

A

Paleontologist

47
Q

What is the order of the origin and evolution of life?

A
  1. Earth forms
  2. First life form appears (Prokaryotes)
  3. Photosynthesis is conducted (Cyanobacteria)
  4. Multicellular organisms are formed.
  5. Evolution

ELS 2ND QUARTER (9 decks)

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