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ELS 2ND QUARTER > Asexual and Sexual Reproduction > Flashcards

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

The process by which a single organism genetically produces offspring

A

Asexual Reproduction

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2
Q

Most common in single cell organisms like bacteria, but can be found in more complex organisms as well

A

Asexual Reproduction

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3
Q

Defined as the formation of new individuals from the cell of a single parent

A

Asexual Reproduction

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4
Q

What are the 6 benefits of Asexual Reproduction?

A
  • Rapid population
  • Requires less energy to reproduce
  • All organisms are capable of reproduction
  • One organism can make a whole population
  • Less likely to become extinct
  • Each offspring is a genetic copy of the parent
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5
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of Asexual Reproduction?

A

No genetic diversity

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6
Q

Means that a population is genetically identical organisms are more susceptible to disease and can’t adapt easily to a changing environment

A

No genetic diversity

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7
Q

What are the six types of Asexual Reproduction?

A
  1. Binary Fission
  2. Budding
  3. Regeneration
  4. Vegetative Propagation
  5. Fragmentation
  6. Parthenogenesis
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8
Q

Type of asexual reproduction in which one parent splits into two offsprings

A

Binary Fission

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9
Q

Type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows off a parent

A

Budding

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10
Q

Type of asexual reproduction in which an organism can regrow a lost limb or can grow a whole other organism on a cut piece

A

Regeneration

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11
Q

Type of asexual reproduction in which a new plant grows off an existing part of an old plant

A

Vegetative Propagation

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12
Q

Type of asexual reproduction in which a single parent breaks into parts or fragments that give rise to new individuals

A

Fragmentation

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13
Q

Natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization by sperm

A

Parthenogenesis

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14
Q

Type of reproduction that requires two organisms

A

Sexual Reproduction

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15
Q

Type of reproduction in which each organism has specialized sex cells called gametes

A

Sexual Reproduction

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16
Q

Specialized sex cells in each organism

A

Gametes

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17
Q

How many chromosomes do each gamete contribute?

A

23 chromosomes

18
Q

How many chromosomes does the zygote contain?

A

46 chromosomes

19
Q

Type of reproduction that happens when the two sex cells fuse together to create a new and genetically different offspring

A

Sexual Reproduction

20
Q

What are the 5 advantages of sexual reproduction?

A
  1. Allow for more genetic diversity in the offspring
  2. More adaptability— bigger chance to adapt genes
  3. More variation
  4. Greater chance of mutation
  5. Greater chance of survivability
21
Q

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

A
  • Requires two individuals with opposing gametes
  • Organisms must use a lot of energy nourishing and growing a new baby organism
22
Q

The biological process by which new
individual organisms – “offspring” – are produced from their “parents”.

A

Reproduction/procreation/breeding

23
Q

What are sex cells in sexual reproduction called?

A

Gametes

24
Q

Where are sex cells in sexual reproduction produced?

A

In the gonads

25
Q

Male gametes

A

sperm

26
Q

Female gametes

A

eggs

27
Q

is the process of joining the haploid gametes (sex cells) to form a diploid cell called a zygote

A

Sexual reproduction

28
Q

fusion of the egg cell and sperm cell does not occur, reproduction is mainly through mitosis which creates a clone of the parent. The
organisms produced by asexual reproduction are less diverse in nature.

A

Asexual reproduction

29
Q

a mechanism that produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

A

asexual reproduction

30
Q

a form of reproduction in which cells containing genetic material from two individuals combines to produce genetically unique offspring

A

Sexual reproduction

31
Q

the state of having both male and female reproductive structures within the same individual

A

hermaphroditism

32
Q

the fertilization of eggs by sperm inside the body of the femal

A

internal fertilization

33
Q

a process by which fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and develop there, receiving nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg

A

oviparity

34
Q

a process by which fertilized eggs are retained within the female; the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk, and the young are fully developed -when they are hatched

A

ovoviparity

35
Q

a form of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized

A

parthenogenesis

36
Q

the mechanism by which the sex of individuals in sexually reproducing organisms is initially established

A

sex determination

37
Q

a process in which the young develop within the female and are born in a nonembryonic state

A

viviparity

38
Q

Offspring grows from a piece of
its parent through mitosis

A

regeneration

39
Q

Bud grows from the body of
parent organism through
mitosis

A

budding

40
Q

regeneration ex.

A

starfish

41
Q

budding ex.

A
  • hydra
  • cactus
  • yeast
42
Q

Cell Division through
mitosis

A

binary fission

ELS 2ND QUARTER (9 decks)

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