Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
The process by which a single organism genetically produces offspring
Asexual Reproduction
Most common in single cell organisms like bacteria, but can be found in more complex organisms as well
Asexual Reproduction
Defined as the formation of new individuals from the cell of a single parent
Asexual Reproduction
What are the 6 benefits of Asexual Reproduction?
- Rapid population
- Requires less energy to reproduce
- All organisms are capable of reproduction
- One organism can make a whole population
- Less likely to become extinct
- Each offspring is a genetic copy of the parent
What is the primary disadvantage of Asexual Reproduction?
No genetic diversity
Means that a population is genetically identical organisms are more susceptible to disease and can’t adapt easily to a changing environment
No genetic diversity
What are the six types of Asexual Reproduction?
- Binary Fission
- Budding
- Regeneration
- Vegetative Propagation
- Fragmentation
- Parthenogenesis
Type of asexual reproduction in which one parent splits into two offsprings
Binary Fission
Type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows off a parent
Budding
Type of asexual reproduction in which an organism can regrow a lost limb or can grow a whole other organism on a cut piece
Regeneration
Type of asexual reproduction in which a new plant grows off an existing part of an old plant
Vegetative Propagation
Type of asexual reproduction in which a single parent breaks into parts or fragments that give rise to new individuals
Fragmentation
Natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization by sperm
Parthenogenesis
Type of reproduction that requires two organisms
Sexual Reproduction
Type of reproduction in which each organism has specialized sex cells called gametes
Sexual Reproduction
Specialized sex cells in each organism
Gametes
How many chromosomes do each gamete contribute?
23 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does the zygote contain?
46 chromosomes
Type of reproduction that happens when the two sex cells fuse together to create a new and genetically different offspring
Sexual Reproduction
What are the 5 advantages of sexual reproduction?
- Allow for more genetic diversity in the offspring
- More adaptability— bigger chance to adapt genes
- More variation
- Greater chance of mutation
- Greater chance of survivability
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
- Requires two individuals with opposing gametes
- Organisms must use a lot of energy nourishing and growing a new baby organism
The biological process by which new
individual organisms – “offspring” – are produced from their “parents”.
Reproduction/procreation/breeding
What are sex cells in sexual reproduction called?
Gametes
Where are sex cells in sexual reproduction produced?
In the gonads
Male gametes
sperm
Female gametes
eggs
is the process of joining the haploid gametes (sex cells) to form a diploid cell called a zygote
Sexual reproduction
fusion of the egg cell and sperm cell does not occur, reproduction is mainly through mitosis which creates a clone of the parent. The
organisms produced by asexual reproduction are less diverse in nature.
Asexual reproduction
a mechanism that produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
asexual reproduction
a form of reproduction in which cells containing genetic material from two individuals combines to produce genetically unique offspring
Sexual reproduction
the state of having both male and female reproductive structures within the same individual
hermaphroditism
the fertilization of eggs by sperm inside the body of the femal
internal fertilization
a process by which fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and develop there, receiving nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg
oviparity
a process by which fertilized eggs are retained within the female; the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk, and the young are fully developed -when they are hatched
ovoviparity
a form of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized
parthenogenesis
the mechanism by which the sex of individuals in sexually reproducing organisms is initially established
sex determination
a process in which the young develop within the female and are born in a nonembryonic state
viviparity
Offspring grows from a piece of
its parent through mitosis
regeneration
Bud grows from the body of
parent organism through
mitosis
budding
regeneration ex.
starfish
budding ex.
- hydra
- cactus
- yeast
Cell Division through
mitosis
binary fission
