The High Medieval Church Flashcards
1
Q
what was the strongest Christian state in 1000?
A
The Holy Roman Empire
2
Q
who was Otto I?
A
- made emperor by Pope (962)
- King & Duke of Saxony
- defeat of Viking & Hungarian invaders
- conquest of Italy
3
Q
whhat regions were converted during the spread of Christianity?
A
- Hungary
- Bohemia
- Poland
- Scandinavian states
4
Q
what caused the succession dispute in 1002?
A
- Otto III died unexpectedly without offspring
- Successor Henry II also died w/o offspring
- dukes elected king from different family line → new Salian line (1024)
5
Q
what was the Investiture Controversy?
A
- Gregory VII (formerly Hildebrand) believed church should rule through bishops
- Henry IV not apposed to church reform
- renewed struggle over investiture
- number of Romans sold into Muslim slavery
6
Q
what were characteristics of the growth of papal government?
A
- literature bureaucrats
- Canon law (lawful ecclesiastical authority)
- church courts
- lawyer popes
7
Q
what did marriage look like following the ext. of papal power?
A
- divorce more difficult
- youngest age for consensual marriage = 14 (boys) & 12 (girls)
- divorce largely forbidden
- monogamy reinforced in accordance with the Bible
8
Q
what were ecumenical councils?
A
- meetings of bishops (e.g. Council of Nicaea)
- indicative of systematization of church gov’t
9
Q
what did the Fourth Lateran Council do?
most important ecumenical council
A
- defined doctrine & sacraments
- transubstantiation (blood & body of Christ)
- higher standards for clerical & lay behaviour
- lay expectation of mass & confession of sins min. once/year
10
Q
who was Innocent III (r. 1198-1215)
A
- most powerful pope
- attempted to control monarchs
- meddled in affairs of European rulers (John & Phlip Augustus)
