Crusaders: Attacks on Heretics & Outsiders Flashcards
1
Q
what prompted the First Crusade?
A
- Alexius Comnenus (Byzantium emperor) asked Pope Urban to drive back Seljuk Turks
- Pope called for expedition as Council of Clermont (1095)
- council dedicated to church reform → call for crusade
2
Q
what were the 4 crusader states?
A
- Jerusalem
- Antioch
- Edessa
- Tripoli
3
Q
why was the First Crusade the most successful?
A
took place when Islam was in political disarray meaning they were more interested in fighting each other than crusaders
4
Q
what were Pope Urban II’s motivations for the crusades?
A
- reunite the Catholic & Orthodox churches
- mend schism by uniting people (2 popes claiming authority)
- get rid of unruly warriors
5
Q
what were the reasons for crusade?
A
- growing respect for Papacy
- forgiveness of sin through salvation
- warfare glorified as a Christian activity
- Believed to be God’s will
6
Q
what was the Waldensian Heresy (Valdez)?
A
- Peter Waldo (Valdez) toom up life of poverty
- asked permission from poor men of Leon to preach in towns
- followers were uneducated → spread scandal
- became increasingly anti-clerical
- was eventually condemned by church
7
Q
who was Usmah Ibn Munquidh?
A
- Muslim warrior
- befriended crusaders while fighting against them
- believed Franks possess courage but little else
