The Hierarchy of Experience

Question 1

What is the Hierarchy of Experience? (5)
Explain each one (5)

Answer 1

1. Sensation (bottom) - stimuli
2. Attention - gateway to the brain
3. Perception - interpretation
4. Imagery - perception + memory
5. Symbolization - how we represent experiences
6. Conceptualization - categorized reasoning
7. Metacognition (top) - thinking about the process

Question 2

Organize the processes of the hierarchy into Input and Integration (7)

Answer 2

Input: sensation

Integration: attention, perception, imagery, symbolization, conceptualization, metacognition

Question 3

What does the output consist of in the model of experience? (3)

Answer 3

behaviour
monitoring
feedback

Question 4

What are the stages of the Model of Experience? (3)

Answer 4

1. Input
2. Integration
3. Output

Question 5

What are the 7 sensations?

Answer 5

vision
hearing
smell
taste
touch
vestibular
proprioception/kinesthetic

Question 6

Explain the vestibular sense and the kinesthetic sense (2)

Answer 6

Vestibular - movement and coordination

Kinesthetic - unconsciousness awareness of sensations from one’s joints, tendons, and ligaments

Question 7

What are 5 types of attention?
What is their response pattern? (5)

Answer 7

involuntary - reflex
voluntary - motivation
selective - personal interest
habitual - experience
peripheral - environment

Question 8

Categorize these into focused and divided attention:

auditory
visual
task similarity
task difficulty
practice

Answer 8

focused:
- auditory
- visual

divided:
- task similarity
- task difficulty
- practice

Question 9

Name the principles of attention (4)

Answer 9

focusing
ignoring
coping
selection

Question 10

What are the 3 stages of perception?

Answer 10

1. Selection
2. Organization
3. Interpretation

Question 11

What is perceptual constancy?

Answer 11

the ability to perceive objects as stable despite changes in their appearance or surroundings

Question 12

What are the 2 types of constancy?

Answer 12

brightness and color
size and shape

Question 13

What are the 2 main theories explaining perceptual constancy?

Answer 13

Unconscious inference theory
Ecological theory

Question 14

Explain the unconscious inference theory (3)

Answer 14

we learn the brightness/color/shape/size of objects through EXPERIENCE

this helps us to unconsciously judge the size of other objects

this also helps us unconsciously consider distance

Question 15

Explain the ecological theory

Answer 15

we see objects as the same size at different distances because they stay the same size relative to surrounding objects

Question 16

Explain figure and ground

Answer 16

the ability to differentiate visually between an object (figure) and its background (ground)

Question 17

What is the criteria for Imagery? (3)

Answer 17

• not ongoing
• must be remembered
• must already been experienced and perceived

Question 18

Why does conceptualization follow, not precede symbolization?

Answer 18

concepts have to be linked to a particular label

Question 19

What are 3 characteristics of a concept?

Answer 19

Positive / negative instances
Attributes/features
Rules

Question 20

What are 3 types of features of a concept?

Answer 20

Defining, critical features
Correlational features
Irrelevant features

Question 21

What is metacognition?

Answer 21

thinking about one’s thinking

Question 22

What are advantages of metacognition? (6)

Answer 22

• independent learning
• self-awareness
• challenges self-generated biases
• recognition of own strengths and weaknesses
• problem-solving skills
• increase in achievement