Gagne

Question 1

What is Gagne known for? (2)

Answer 1

• Conditions of Learning
• one of the 1st to observed learning in a natural setting

Question 2

What is Gagne’s assumption on learning? (2)

Answer 2

• different types of learning exist
• different instructional conditions are most likely to bring about the different types of learning

Question 3

What are the outcomes of learning according to Gagne?

Answer 3

capabilities

Question 4

What are capabilities acquired from? (2)

Answer 4

• stimuli in the environment
• learner’s cognitive processes

Question 5

What are the components of learning? (3)

Answer 5

• categories of learning
• internal states
• environmental stimuli

Question 6

What are 2 types of pre-requisites?

Answer 6

• supportive pre-requisites - capabilities that facilitate learning
• essential pre-requisites - underlying skills integral to new learning

Question 7

What are internal states?

Answer 7

pre-requisite skills that influence the new learning

Question 8

What are 5 varieties of learning?

Answer 8

• verbal information
• intellectual skills
• cognitive strategies
• motor skills
• attitudes

Question 9

What is the criteria for being a variety of learning?

Answer 9

• unique class of performance
• diverse set of activities (not race, etc)
• different instructions, pre-requisites, and processing
• generalization within categories

Question 10

What are the internal conditions of learning? (3)

Answer 10

• recalling pre-requisite skills
• interacting with new learning
• applying skills to a range of different situations

Question 11

Describe verbal information (variety of learning) in terms of

capability
performance
examples (2)

Answer 11

Capability: retrieval of stored info (labels, facts)

Performance: communicating the info

Examples: paraphrasing, narrating

Question 12

What 4 skills are required for the variety of intellectual skills?

Answer 12

• discrimination learning
• concrete concepts
• rule learning
• problem solving

Question 13

Describe verbal information as a variety (2)

Answer 13

info stored in our memory to recall when needed

e.g., names of months, letters, numbers, facts

Question 14

Describe intellectual skills (variety of learning) in terms of

capability
performance
examples (2)

Answer 14

capability - mental operations that permit reacting to one’s surroundings

performance - interacting with the environment using symbols

examples - color discrimination, math calculations

Question 15

Describe cognitive strategies (variety of learning) in terms of

capability
performance
examples (2)

Answer 15

capability - executive control processes

performance - efficiently managing remembering, thinking, ad learning

examples - time management, problem solving

Question 16

Describe motor skills (variety of learning) in terms of

capability
performance
examples (2)

Answer 16

capability - executive plan for physical movement

performing - demonstrating a physical sequence of action

examples - tying a shoelace, getting dressed

Question 17

Describe attitudes (variety of learning) in terms of

capability
performance
examples (2)

Answer 17

capability - predisposition for positive/negative actions towards people/events/objects

performance - choosing personal actions towards or away from people/events/objects

examples - choosing to study, choosing to attend a concert

Question 18

Name the 9 instructional events and their corresponding cognitive processes

Answer 18

1. recall - retrieval
2. eliciting performance - responding
3. assessing performance - retrieval
4. gaining attention - reception
5. presenting stimulus - selective perception
6. providing feedback - reinforcement
7. informing the learner of the objective - expectancy
8. providing guidance - semantic encoding
9. enhancing retention and transfer - generalization