The Hexapoda Flashcards
In hexapods which muscles cause the wings to go up?
The vertical muscles
What are the veins composed of in hexapods?
Trachae, nerves, haemocoel
In hexapods which muscles control the wings going down?
Longitudinal muscles
What is the dorsal light reaction?
3 ocelli on the back of the hexapod dictate if the animal is flying the right way up
What diseases do mosquitoes carry?
Malaria, elephantitis, encephalitis, yellow fever
What disease do the tsetse fly carry?
Sleeping sickness
What disease do fleas carry?
The bubonic plague
What diseases do houseflies carry?
Typhoid fever
Dysentry
Where are the accesory hearts in a hexapod?
Antennae
Mouthparts
Legs
Wings
Name 3 characteristics of internal transport
Open cardiovascular system
Heart is a contractile middorsal tubes
The heart is perforated by 1-12 pairs of ostia
What system do hexapods have for excretion?
Malphigian tubules
What sense organs do hexapods have?
Body covered in simple mechanoreceptors claimed from setae
Antenna have gustatory, mechanosensory and thermoreceptors
In hexapods is the gas exchange system dependent on the hemal system?
No
Where does the tracheolo go in fligt muscles of hexapoda?
The mitochondria
What are the 4 characteristics of hexapods?
Reduction in walking appendages to 6
3 body segments consolidating to form the thorax
Thorax provides most of locomotory ability
Single pair of antennae
What did pavlov do with his dogs?
He conditioned them to associate a ringing bell with food, so eventually they began to drool on the ringing of the bell
How were bees conditioned?
2 seconds of occur followed by 3 seconds of sugar water, led to them associating food with the odour
How do hexapods see?
They have one compound eye, which has many little eyes which are either on or off.
They have 3 ocelli, which are simple light receptors
What is the flicker effect in hexapods?
They are very good at spotting movement as their eye cells switch on to movement
What are the three subgroups of wingless arthropods and insects?
Collembols
Protura
Diplura
What is the waggle dance?
It is a method of communication among bees, where they show the direction of a pollen source in comparison to the angle of the sun.
What is eusociality?
The reproductive division of labour
What is the inclusive fitness theory?
The concept that they are more closely related to siblings than children
What is the growth pattern of a hemimetabolous hexapod?
Egg –> nymph –> adult
What is the growth pattern of a holometabolous hexapod?
Egg –> larva –> pupa –> adult
What is the main advantage of a holometabolous hexapods life cycle over a hemimetabolous hexapods life cycle?
The larvae and adult are morphologically very different therefore do not compete, however the nymph is simply a smaller version of the adult which lacks wings therefore they compete.
