Plant Phylogeny

Question 0

Go through the cycle of a typical land plant. (Life cycle 2)

Answer 0

1. Gametes fuse to forma zygote
2. Zygote undergoes mitosis to form a diploid, multicellular sporophyte.
3. Sporophyte undergoes meiosis to form spores
4. Haploid, multicellular gametophyte is formed

Question 1

Name 3 uses of plants

Answer 1

Creates atmosphere
Food
Medicine
Energy
Clothing and building materials

Question 2

Name the synapamorphies of plants, there are 5 in total.

Answer 2

Photosynthetic
Phytochrome
Cellulose cell walls
Lysine made via the DAP pathway
Reproduce with alternating haploid and diploid phases in distinct generations

Question 3

Describe the typical life cycle of an animal

Answer 3

Gametes fuse to form a zygote, which develops into an adult, then undergoes meiosis to form gametes

Question 4

Describe the process of how land fauna originated

Answer 4

1. Fertilisation occurred externally
2. The mother began to hold into the egg until after fertilisation
3. The zygote was kept by the mother for protection
4. Meiosis was delayed to develop a multicellular sporophyte
5. A closer physiological relationship of zygote and sporophyte with the mother gametophyte was created
6. The emergent sporophyte is cutinised which prevents water loss, as it had now emerged above water level

Question 5

What’s syngamy?

Answer 5

Fusion of gametes –> Diploid phase

Question 6

Describe the basic life cycle of a plant

Answer 6

1. Gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote
2. Zygote undergoes meiosis to form spores
3. Haploid multicellular gametophyte is formed

Question 7

What are the three subgroups of the plant kingdom?

Answer 7

Glaucoplantae
Rhodoplantae
Viridiplantae

Question 8

What are the characteristics of the glaucoplantae?

Answer 8

2 unequal flagella
Chlorophyll A
Phycobilins
Freshwater

Question 9

What are the characteristics of the rhodoplantae?

Answer 9

No flagella
Chlorophylls a and b
Phycobilin pigments
Mostly tropical marine

Question 10

What are the characteristics of the viridiplantae?

Answer 10

2 whiplash flagella
Chlorophylls a and b
Flavonoid pigments
Freshwater/ terrestrial