The Heart & Vascular Anatomy Flashcards
What is the function of the serous pericardium?
Allows the heart to work and a relatively friction free environment
What are the three functions of the fibrous pericardium?
Protect heart
Anchor heart
Prevent heart from overfilling
The structure of the heart can be broken into what three main tissue types?
Epicardium
Myocardium (contractile tissue)
Endocardium (valves)
Systemic and pulmonary circulation are associated with which side of the heart?
Right heart = pulmonary
Left heart = Systemic
How many valves are there in the heart and where are they located?
4 Tricuspid = R av Mitral = L av Pulmonic = RV @ pulm. art Aortic = LV @ aorta
Describe the flow of blood through the heart
RA -> (tricuspid) -> RV ->(pulmonic) -> pulm arteries -> Lungs -> pulm veins -> LA -> (mitral) -> LV -> (aortic) -> aorta -> systemic circ
The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosis form shunts between what structures in the fetal circulation?
FO = RA + LA DA = pulm art + aorta
FO and DA blood flow bypasses what in fetal circulation?
Lungs
Describe the conduction system in the heart
SA -> AV -> bundle of his -> AV bundles -> purkinje fibers
What is automaticity?
Intrinsic pacemaker SA node
Where does the heart receive its parasympathetic innervation?
Vagus nerve
Where does the heart receive its sympathetic innervation?
Cardiac plexus of T1 - T5
Visceral afferents
Blood plasma is composed of what percentage water?
90%
What is the difference between CBC, BMP and differential?
CBC: Complete blood count
BMP: Basic metabolic panel
Differential: Detailed WBC
What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?
RBC = 120 days
What is diapedesis?
White blood cells can leave capillaries and go into tissues via an inflammatory pathway
Leukocytes can be divided into what two main groups?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
What are the three types of granulocytes and what do they do?
Eosinophils = Phagocytize antigen antibody complexes Basophils = Combat allergens by releasing histamine Neutrophils = Antibiotic like proteins that cause bacteriolysis
What is the most common granulocyte?
Neutrophils
What are the two different types of agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes = phagocytize tumor cells monocytes = high in chronic infections
How do platelets cause vasoconstriction?
Release serotonin
Plasma is what percent of total blood volume?
55%
The vasculature can be divided into what three layers?
Tunica externa
Tunica media
Tunica intima
Which layer is thickest in veins?
…..arteries?
Tunica externa = veins
Tunica media = arteries
What is the functional unit of CVS?
Capillaries
60% of total blood volume is stored where?
Veins
PVR is affected by….
Temperature
Disease
Anesthesia
What is the function Of the pulmonary capillaries?
Gas exchange
Metabolism of biochemicals
Conversion of interactive to active biochemicals
Alpha and beta receptors are responsible for vasoconstriction vasodilation?
Alpha = Vasoconstriction Beta = vasodilation
In large veins flow can be affected by….
Abdominal and intrathoracic pressure changes
