The Heart & Vascular Anatomy

Question 0

What is the function of the serous pericardium?

Answer 0

Allows the heart to work and a relatively friction free environment

Question 1

What are the three functions of the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 1

Protect heart
Anchor heart
Prevent heart from overfilling

Question 2

The structure of the heart can be broken into what three main tissue types?

Answer 2

Epicardium
Myocardium (contractile tissue)
Endocardium (valves)

Question 3

Systemic and pulmonary circulation are associated with which side of the heart?

Answer 3

Right heart = pulmonary

Left heart = Systemic

Question 4

How many valves are there in the heart and where are they located?

Answer 4

4
Tricuspid = R av
Mitral = L av
Pulmonic = RV @ pulm. art
Aortic = LV @ aorta

Question 5

Describe the flow of blood through the heart

Answer 5

RA -> (tricuspid) -> RV ->(pulmonic) -> pulm arteries -> Lungs -> pulm veins -> LA -> (mitral) -> LV -> (aortic) -> aorta -> systemic circ

Question 6

The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosis form shunts between what structures in the fetal circulation?

Answer 6

FO = RA + LA
DA = pulm art + aorta

Question 7

FO and DA blood flow bypasses what in fetal circulation?

Answer 7

Lungs

Question 8

Describe the conduction system in the heart

Answer 8

SA -> AV -> bundle of his -> AV bundles -> purkinje fibers

Question 9

What is automaticity?

Answer 9

Intrinsic pacemaker SA node

Question 10

Where does the heart receive its parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 10

Vagus nerve

Question 11

Where does the heart receive its sympathetic innervation?

Answer 11

Cardiac plexus of T1 - T5

Visceral afferents

Question 12

Blood plasma is composed of what percentage water?

Answer 12

90%

Question 13

What is the difference between CBC, BMP and differential?

Answer 13

CBC: Complete blood count
BMP: Basic metabolic panel
Differential: Detailed WBC

Question 14

What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?

Answer 14

RBC = 120 days

Question 15

What is diapedesis?

Answer 15

White blood cells can leave capillaries and go into tissues via an inflammatory pathway

Question 16

Leukocytes can be divided into what two main groups?

Answer 16

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 17

What are the three types of granulocytes and what do they do?

Answer 17

Eosinophils = Phagocytize antigen antibody complexes
Basophils = Combat allergens by releasing histamine
Neutrophils = Antibiotic like proteins that cause bacteriolysis

Question 18

What is the most common granulocyte?

Answer 18

Neutrophils

Question 19

What are the two different types of agranulocytes?

Answer 19

Lymphocytes = phagocytize tumor cells
monocytes = high in chronic infections

Question 20

How do platelets cause vasoconstriction?

Answer 20

Release serotonin

Question 21

Plasma is what percent of total blood volume?

Answer 21

55%

Question 22

The vasculature can be divided into what three layers?

Answer 22

Tunica externa
Tunica media
Tunica intima

Question 23

Which layer is thickest in veins?

…..arteries?

Answer 23

Tunica externa = veins

Tunica media = arteries

Question 24

What is the functional unit of CVS?

Answer 24

Capillaries

Question 25

60% of total blood volume is stored where?

Answer 25

Veins

Question 26

PVR is affected by....

Answer 26

Temperature Disease Anesthesia

Question 27

What is the function Of the pulmonary capillaries?

Answer 27

Gas exchange Metabolism of biochemicals Conversion of interactive to active biochemicals

Question 28

Alpha and beta receptors are responsible for vasoconstriction vasodilation?

Answer 28

``` Alpha = Vasoconstriction Beta = vasodilation ```

Question 29

In large veins flow can be affected by....

Answer 29

Abdominal and intrathoracic pressure changes