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Dental Nurse Sedation > The Heart & Respiration M6 > Flashcards

The Heart & Respiration M6 Flashcards

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1
Q

This illness occurs in childhood and can lead to the damage of the heart valves. What is it?

A

Rheumatic Fever/Chorea (St Vitus dance)

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2
Q

Which illness can cause spasmodic involuntary movements, e.g jerky limbs/tonge?

A

Chorea

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3
Q

The DOH (Department of health) recommend that AB cover is no longer necessary, true or false?

A

True

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4
Q

In rare cases AB cover maybe recommended, who would be involved in this decision?

A

Consent of the Cardiologist

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5
Q

What is the purpose of Antibiotic Prophylaxis (AB cover)?

A

to prevent bacteria entering the blood stream during invasive procedures

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6
Q

If bacteria was to enter the blood stream, what could it cause?

A

Infective Endocarditis

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7
Q

When patients complain of pain and tightness across the left arm and to the neck and Jaw, with shortness of breath and nausea what medical condition is this?

A

Angina

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8
Q

What causes Angina?

A

Lack of blood in the coronary artery, due to narrowing of the blood vessel

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9
Q

What drugs are used to treat angina?

A

GTN (Glyceryl Trinatrate) spray 0.4mg - sublingually

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10
Q

What dental precautions do you take for Angina?

A

Make sure medications are available
LA without adrenaline
Patient upright in chair

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11
Q

When there is a complete blockage in the Coronary Artery and there is no oxygen going to the heart, and can lead to a heart attack. What medical condition is this?

A

Coronary Thrombosis

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12
Q

What drugs are used for Coronary Thrombosis?

A

Anticoagulants, Heparin, Warfrin

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13
Q

What precautions are taken for Coronary Thrombosis?

A

Pt must see GP for INR check

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14
Q

What does INR stand for?

A

International Normalised Ratio

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15
Q

Hypertension (high BP), Ischemic & Heart Disease are what types of disorders?

A

Heart failure (Attack)

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16
Q

What drugs are used for heart attack/failure

A

Aspirin
Digoxin

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17
Q

What does Digoxin do?

A

Slows the heart rate

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18
Q

What precautions are taken for heart failure?

A

LA without adrenaline

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19
Q

What precautions would you take for a patient with a pace maker?

A

No ultrasonic machines

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20
Q

What precautions would you take for a patient who has had a heart bypass?

A

None, AB cover not needed

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21
Q

What precautions would you take for a patient who has had a prothetic valve replacement?

A

Contact the patients cardiologist before treatment

22
Q

When there is a black flow of blood in the heart, (valve/septal) audible through a stethoscope, what is this called?

A

A heart Murmur

23
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

High Blood Pressure

24
Q

What drug is used for Hypertension?

A

Nefedipine (Adalat)

25
Q

What precautions are taken for hypertension?

A

Good OH advice
LA without adrenaline

26
Q

What OH issues can Nifedipine cause?

A

gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth)

27
Q

Haemophilia, Christmas disease, Hodgkin’s disease and scurvy are examples of what medical condition?

A

Bleeding disorders

28
Q

What causes bleeding disorders?

A

The clotting mechanism is disrupted and the patient is more prone to bleeding or haemorrhage

29
Q

What medical condition is the inadequate production of red blood cells, usually due to iron deficiency, lack of b12 or blood loss?

A

Anaemia

30
Q

What oral conditions can be caused by anaemia?

A

Angular Chilitis or balding tounge

31
Q

What medical condition is a hereditary condition where the red blood cells are sickle shaped, resulting in the reduction of oxygen?

A

Sickle Cell Anaemia

32
Q

What precautions should be taken with patients who have sickle cell anaemia?

A

Sickledex test performed by doctor
Plan GA and avoid LA in dental practices

33
Q

What medical conditions is when there is an increase of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes)

A

Leukaemia

34
Q

What precautions are taken for patients who have Leukaemia?

A

Avoid extractions and invasive procedures - avoid radiographs

35
Q

What three medical conditions are respiratory disorders?

A

Asthema, Hay fever, Tuberculosis

36
Q

This medical condition is a Bronchial constriction usually due to an allergic reaction, what is it?

A

Asthma

37
Q

What drugs are used for Asthma?

A

Ventolin, Becotide, Seritide (inhalers) and steriods

38
Q

This medical condition is caused by the inhalation of rod shaped bacteria in infected sputum (saliva), it is very infectious. What is it?

A

Tuberculosis

39
Q

What possible treatments are used for Tuberculosis?

A

Chemo, Antibiotics and rest

40
Q

What precautions are taken against Tuberculosis?

A

Staff vaccinated against TB

41
Q

Patients who are on renal dialysis, require extra care during extractions, due to a reduction in immunity. What drug may they be on?

A

Cyslosporin

42
Q

What may Cyslosporin cause in the mouth?

A

Gingival hyplasia

43
Q

Thirst, Halitosis, increased urine output, loss of weight and tiredness are symptoms of what medical contain?

A

Diabetes

44
Q

Why might a patient with diabetes, have treatment soon after a meal?

A

To prevent hypoglycaemia

45
Q

What is Petit Mal Epilepsy?

A

mainly in children, mental blank, loss of awareness and often short-lived

46
Q

What is Grand Mal Epilepsy?

A

Major, pt usually has a warning of the attack, e.g. flash of light. Consciousness if lost.

47
Q

During an epileptic seizure, the muscles and body become rigid, the back may arch and the lips may go blue. It lasts approx. 30 seconds, what epileptic phase is this?

A

Tonic Phase

48
Q

Localised swelling in a patient’s mouth (who is pregnant) is know as what?

A

Pregnancy Epulis

49
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

50
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

Dental Nurse Sedation (11 decks)

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