The Heart & Respiration M6 Flashcards
This illness occurs in childhood and can lead to the damage of the heart valves. What is it?
Rheumatic Fever/Chorea (St Vitus dance)
Which illness can cause spasmodic involuntary movements, e.g jerky limbs/tonge?
Chorea
The DOH (Department of health) recommend that AB cover is no longer necessary, true or false?
True
In rare cases AB cover maybe recommended, who would be involved in this decision?
Consent of the Cardiologist
What is the purpose of Antibiotic Prophylaxis (AB cover)?
to prevent bacteria entering the blood stream during invasive procedures
If bacteria was to enter the blood stream, what could it cause?
Infective Endocarditis
When patients complain of pain and tightness across the left arm and to the neck and Jaw, with shortness of breath and nausea what medical condition is this?
Angina
What causes Angina?
Lack of blood in the coronary artery, due to narrowing of the blood vessel
What drugs are used to treat angina?
GTN (Glyceryl Trinatrate) spray 0.4mg - sublingually
What dental precautions do you take for Angina?
Make sure medications are available
LA without adrenaline
Patient upright in chair
When there is a complete blockage in the Coronary Artery and there is no oxygen going to the heart, and can lead to a heart attack. What medical condition is this?
Coronary Thrombosis
What drugs are used for Coronary Thrombosis?
Anticoagulants, Heparin, Warfrin
What precautions are taken for Coronary Thrombosis?
Pt must see GP for INR check
What does INR stand for?
International Normalised Ratio
Hypertension (high BP), Ischemic & Heart Disease are what types of disorders?
Heart failure (Attack)
What drugs are used for heart attack/failure
Aspirin
Digoxin
What does Digoxin do?
Slows the heart rate
What precautions are taken for heart failure?
LA without adrenaline
What precautions would you take for a patient with a pace maker?
No ultrasonic machines
What precautions would you take for a patient who has had a heart bypass?
None, AB cover not needed
What precautions would you take for a patient who has had a prothetic valve replacement?
Contact the patients cardiologist before treatment
When there is a black flow of blood in the heart, (valve/septal) audible through a stethoscope, what is this called?
A heart Murmur
What is Hypertension?
High Blood Pressure
What drug is used for Hypertension?
Nefedipine (Adalat)
What precautions are taken for hypertension?
Good OH advice
LA without adrenaline
What OH issues can Nifedipine cause?
gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth)
Haemophilia, Christmas disease, Hodgkin’s disease and scurvy are examples of what medical condition?
Bleeding disorders
What causes bleeding disorders?
The clotting mechanism is disrupted and the patient is more prone to bleeding or haemorrhage
What medical condition is the inadequate production of red blood cells, usually due to iron deficiency, lack of b12 or blood loss?
Anaemia
What oral conditions can be caused by anaemia?
Angular Chilitis or balding tounge
What medical condition is a hereditary condition where the red blood cells are sickle shaped, resulting in the reduction of oxygen?
Sickle Cell Anaemia
What precautions should be taken with patients who have sickle cell anaemia?
Sickledex test performed by doctor
Plan GA and avoid LA in dental practices
What medical conditions is when there is an increase of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes)
Leukaemia
What precautions are taken for patients who have Leukaemia?
Avoid extractions and invasive procedures - avoid radiographs
What three medical conditions are respiratory disorders?
Asthema, Hay fever, Tuberculosis
This medical condition is a Bronchial constriction usually due to an allergic reaction, what is it?
Asthma
What drugs are used for Asthma?
Ventolin, Becotide, Seritide (inhalers) and steriods
This medical condition is caused by the inhalation of rod shaped bacteria in infected sputum (saliva), it is very infectious. What is it?
Tuberculosis
What possible treatments are used for Tuberculosis?
Chemo, Antibiotics and rest
What precautions are taken against Tuberculosis?
Staff vaccinated against TB
Patients who are on renal dialysis, require extra care during extractions, due to a reduction in immunity. What drug may they be on?
Cyslosporin
What may Cyslosporin cause in the mouth?
Gingival hyplasia
Thirst, Halitosis, increased urine output, loss of weight and tiredness are symptoms of what medical contain?
Diabetes
Why might a patient with diabetes, have treatment soon after a meal?
To prevent hypoglycaemia
What is Petit Mal Epilepsy?
mainly in children, mental blank, loss of awareness and often short-lived
What is Grand Mal Epilepsy?
Major, pt usually has a warning of the attack, e.g. flash of light. Consciousness if lost.
During an epileptic seizure, the muscles and body become rigid, the back may arch and the lips may go blue. It lasts approx. 30 seconds, what epileptic phase is this?
Tonic Phase
Localised swelling in a patient’s mouth (who is pregnant) is know as what?
Pregnancy Epulis
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
