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Cardiovascular and Lymphatic PT > The Heart & Circulation > Flashcards

The Heart & Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

myocardium is the..

A

heart ms

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2
Q

what supplies the right atrium?

A

superior & inf vena cava

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3
Q

LV pumps blood via the ..

A

aorta

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4
Q

when do the AV valves close? & what is their purpose?

A

close when ventricular walls contract; prevent backflow of blood during ventricular systole

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5
Q

what is the purpose of semilunar valves?

A

to prevent backflow of blood from aorta & pulmonary artery during diastole

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6
Q

systole is the period of..

A

ventricular contraction

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7
Q

diastole is the period of..

A

ventricular relaxation

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8
Q

when does teh blood circulate throughtout the myocardium? and via what?

A

during diastole via coronary arteries

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9
Q

what coronary artery supplies the AV node & bundle of His?

A

RCA

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10
Q

what coronary artery supplies the left ventricle?

A

LAD

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11
Q

what is the purpose of the coronary sinus?

A

receives venous blood from the heart and empties it into the R atrium

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12
Q

the SA node initiates an impulse rate of..

A

60-100 bpm

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13
Q

normal range of stroke volume is..

A

55-100 mL/beat

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14
Q

3 things that influence SV:

A
  1. preload (diastolic filling, aka left ventricle end diastolic volume)
  2. contractility
  3. afterload - the force the LV must generate to overcome the aortic pressure
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15
Q

CO =

A

SV * HR

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16
Q

ejection fracture is..

A

the % of blood emptied from the ventricle during systole
**a CLINICALLY USEFUL MEASURE OF LV FXN*

EF = SV/LVEDV

17
Q

What is a “normal” EF?

A

> 55%; LOWER means GREATER DYSFXN

18
Q

atrial filling pressure is..

A

the difference b/t venous & ATRIAL pressures
-so, when you have a STRONG VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION, the ATRIAL FILLING IS ENHANCED
(high–>low pressure)

19
Q

IF you have an increased HR OR heart disease, what is the effect on diastolic filling time?

A

decreases (so LOWER end diastolic volume - normally 120 mL)

20
Q

the Myocardial oxygen deman is cliniclaly measures by..

A

HR * SBP (rate pressure produce)

21
Q

Arteries transport..

A

Oxygenated blood from areas of high to low pressure

22
Q

Capillaries function for ..

A

Exchange of nutrients and fluids between blood and tissues

23
Q

Venous circulation is influenced by (4)

A

Ms contraction, gravity, respiration (insp causes incr return) and compliance of R heart

24
Q

What organs are lymphatic?

A

Tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, & thoracic duct

25
Q

Once lymph has been drained From the lymphatic system it goes,.

A

To the venous system

Lymphatic capillaries –> lymph vessels –> ducts–> left subclavian vein

26
Q

How does the lymphatic system contribute to immune system function?

A

Lymph nodes collect cellular debris and bacteria, remove excess fluid, blood waste and protein molecules; and produce antibodies

27
Q

Control of PS & sympathetic stimulation is located in..

A

The medulla oblongata

28
Q

PS stim transmitted via ..

A

Vagus nerve - releases ACh

29
Q

Sympathetic stimulation transmitted via ..

A

t1-4 cord segments, upper thoracic to superior cervical chain ganglia; innervates all but the ventricular myocardium (but PS innervates that)
-releases epinephrine and norepinephrine

30
Q

Drugs that incr sympathetic functioning are called .

A

Sympathomimetics

31
Q

The main mechanisms controlling the heart are..

A

Baroreceptors

-located in aortic arch and carotid sinus

32
Q

The circulatory reflex in response to increased BP is..

A

PS stimulation , decr rate and force of cardiac contraction, inhib of symp system –> decreased peripheral resistance

33
Q

Chemoreceptors are located —

- role?

A

In carotid body

- IF increased CO2, decr O2 OR decr pH(incr lactic acid), an INCREASED HR occurs

34
Q

What two ion concentration imbalances can cause a decreased heart rate ?

A

HYPERkalemia & HYPOcalcemia

35
Q

What is an adverse effect of HYPOkalemia?

A

Arrhythmias which could progress to ventricular fibrillation

36
Q

What is an adverse result of hypermagnesium?

A

Arrhythmia OR cardiac arrest (because incr magnesium is a calcium blocker)

37
Q

What is an adverse response to hypo magnesium?

A

Ventricular Arrhythmias, coronary artery vasospasm and sudden death

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic PT (5 decks)

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