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Anatomy Lab > The Heart and Major Blood Vessels > Flashcards

The Heart and Major Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

high-pressure conduits that deliver blood to the tissues of the body

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2
Q

viens

A

low-pressure reservoirs that drain blood from your body’s organs

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3
Q

where is the heart located

A

within the mediastinum: the central division of the thoracic cavity between the pleural cavities

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4
Q

what other structures are located within the mediastinum

A

thymus, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, and great vessels of the heart,

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5
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

what covers the heart,

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6
Q

flow of blood for systemic circut

A
  • blood leaves the heart at the aorta
  • travels through the arteries
  • arrives at the systemic capillaries (where nutrients, wastes, and gases are exchanged)
  • blood then collected by veins that empty into the vena cavae before reaching heart
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7
Q

pulmonary circut

A

much smaller – blood only going to far as to the lungs and back

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8
Q

flow of blood for pulmonary circut

A
  • blood leaves the heart at the pulmonary trunk
  • travels through the pulmonary arteries and arrives at pulmonary capillaries (gases are exchanged between blood and air)
  • from the pulmonary capillaries, blood is collected by pulmonary veins that empty into the heart
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9
Q

what structures are part of the systemic circuit

A
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10
Q

what structures are part of the pulmonary circuit

A
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11
Q

how many chambers does the heart contain

A

4 chambers: 2 smaller chambers called atria and 2 larger chambers called ventricles

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12
Q

what is each atrium composed of

A

a main cavity and a small appendage called auricle

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13
Q

where to the right atrium and its auricle receive blood from

A

2 of the body’s largest veins: the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava
– a much smaller vein, the coronary sinus also sends blood to the right atrium
(veins carry blood from most of the body, except from the lungs)

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14
Q

4 pulmonary veins

A

carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium and its auricle

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15
Q

right and left ventricles

A

make up most of heart’s mass

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16
Q

right ventricle

A

pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk, the arterial vessel that delivers blood to the lungs

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17
Q

left ventricle

A

pumps blood to all of the body’s remaining structures through the aorta

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18
Q

what part of the heart pumps blood to the systemic circut

A

left ventricle

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19
Q

what is the name of the small part of systemic circuit which delivers oxygen to the heart wall itself

A

coronary circulation

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20
Q

right and left coronary arteries

A

branch at the base of the aorta and deliver oxygen to the cells of the heart

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21
Q

blood is returned through what structures

A

cardiac veins

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22
Q

cardiac veins collapse to form what

A

coronary sinus

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23
Q

endocardiuam

A
  • innermost layer that lines the atria and ventricles
  • in contact with blood
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24
Q

myocardium

A
  • middle layer that is very thick and contains cardiac muscle and connective tissue
  • because of the thickness, oxygen from within chambers can’t simply diffuse through the entire thickness of heart’s wall
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25
Q

epicardium

A
  • outermost layer of the heart
  • this layer typically holds some fat, and it is within this later that the coronary arteries and cardiac veins travel
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26
Q

pericardial cavity

A
  • surrounds the heart, forming a thin layer
  • this fluid later helps ensure that the heart beats within a relatively friction-free environment
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27
Q

visceral and parietal pericardia

A
  • form the pericardial cavity’s inner and outer boundaries
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28
Q

visceral pericardium

A
  • same membrane as the epicardium (both names are frequently used, reflecting its dual role as both the outermost layer of the heart and the inner membrane of the pericardial cavity
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29
Q

fibrous pericardium

A
  • external to pericardium
  • outermost structure
  • touch layer limits the heart’s expansion during filling up and helps form the outer border of the pericardial cavity
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30
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

found between atria and ventricles
- ensure that the backflow of blood into the atria does not occur through these large valves

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31
Q

chordate tendineae

A
  • small cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricle walls
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32
Q

papillary muscles

A
  • small finger-like projections that hold the chordae tendineae in place
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33
Q

what does contraction of the papillary muscles do

A
  • does not open valves, instead they prevent the prolapse of the valve into the atrium
34
Q

tricuspid valve

A
  • atrioventricular valve on the right slide
  • named for three cusps or “leaflets” that come together during contraction of the ventricles
35
Q

mitral valve

A
  • also called “bicuspid valve”
  • atrioventricular valve on the left side
  • named for its likeness to a bishop’s Mitre (hat)
36
Q

semilunar valves

A
  • located on the other sided ventricles
  • insure that high pressure blood from the arterial system does not flow back into the ventricles as they relex
  • these valves have 3 leaflets, but do not have any associated chordae tendineae or papillary muscles
37
Q

aortic valve

A

the semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

38
Q

pulmonary valve

A

the semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

39
Q

where can muscular ridges be seen, and what are they called

A

on the internal wall of the atria
- pectinate (pectin = comb) muscles

40
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

= meat beams
- muscle ridges in the ventricles
- much larger

41
Q

interventricular septum

A

thick wall separating the 3 ventricles

42
Q

interatrial septum

A

much thinner wall that separates the 2 atria

43
Q

fossa ovalis

A
  • small depression within the interatrial septum
  • landmark shoes the former location of foramen ovale
44
Q

foramen ovale

A
  • a hole in the heart wall that allows blood to move from right atrium to left atrium
  • opening closes at the time of birth, separating the pulmonary and systematic circulations
45
Q

after sending very tiny vessels to the coronary circulation, what are the aorta’s 3 main branches in order?

A

1 - brachiocephalic artery
2 - left common cartoid artery
3 - left subclavian artery

46
Q

the left sublavian vein and internal jugular vein join to form what

A

left brachiocephalic vein

47
Q

on the right side, both brachiocephalic veins merge to form what

A

superior vena cava

48
Q

where do the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries arise from

A

the brachiocephalic artery

49
Q

after the left subclavian artery splits from aorta, what continues to carry oxygenated blood to lower parts of the body

A

thoracic aorta

50
Q

thoracic aorta becomes what

A

abdominal aorta

51
Q

what happens to the abdominal aorta as it enters the pelvis

A

a large bifurcation (split) occurs –> common iliac arteries

52
Q

common iliac arteries split into

A

internal iliac artery and external iliac artery on each side of body

53
Q

internal vessels serve what

A

the pelvis and associated muscles

54
Q

external iliac artery continues to leg as

A

femoral artery

55
Q

femoral veins become

A

external iliac veins

56
Q

external iliac veins join

A

internal iliac veins to form the common iliac veins

57
Q

what forms the interior vena cava and what does it do

A
  • common iliac vein
  • delivers blood to the heart
58
Q

where does the head blood supply come from

A

primarily the common carotid arteries

59
Q

internal carotid artery

A
  • penetrates the cranial base and branches to serve the brain and meninges
  • joined in function by vertebral artery
60
Q

vertebral artery

A

brach of subclavian artery that passes through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae on its way to the cranial cavity

61
Q

external carotoid artery

A
  • supplies the rest of the head, including the face, scalp, oral cavity, and pharynx
62
Q

external jugular vein

A

responsible for draining the structures outside of cranial cavity

63
Q

internal jugular vein

A

drains blood from cranial cavity
- joins the subclavian vein

64
Q

what 2 veins join the brachiocephalic vein

A

subclavian and internal jugular veins

65
Q

pulmonary trunk

A
  • arteries from the right ventricle and branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries
66
Q

what do the pulmonary arteries reach

A

the area for gas exchange, the microscopic alveoli

67
Q

four pulmonary veins

A
  • collect oxygenated blood and return it to the left atrium, ready to be distributed to the systemic circulation
68
Q

celiac trunk

A

anterior projecting artery that serves the stomach, liver, and spleen

69
Q

superior mesenteric artery

A

anterior projecting artery that serves the small intestine and first part of the large intestine

70
Q

inferior mesenteric artery

A

anterior projecting artery that serves the last part of the large intestine

71
Q

renal arteries

A

paired, laterally directed vessels that provide blood to the kidneys

72
Q

gonadal (testicular or ovarian) arteries

A

paired arteries supply the gonads

73
Q

where do the gonads begin life

A

much higher in the abdominal cavity
- location of these arteries reflects that embryonic origin and the path taken to their adult location

74
Q

what does the venous drainage of the abdomen partly mirror

A

the arterial supply –> similarities in paired vessels

75
Q

paired renal veins and gonadal veins drain

A

to the interior to the vena cava
( left gonadal vein does so indirectly)

76
Q

portal sysem

A

pattern that the veins of the abdominal digestive organs follow
- rather than the blood from these organs draining the digestive capillaries to the inferior vena cava, the blood collects into the hepatic portal vein

77
Q

where does the blood travel to after traveling to the hepatic portal vein

A

hepatic sinusoids

78
Q

hepatic sinusoids

A

large capillaries of the liver where substances can be removed or added to the blood

79
Q

hepatic veins

A
  • recieve blood from the sinusoids and empty into the inferior vena cava
80
Q

how many capillary beds does the portal system entail

A

2 –> most circularly paths involve just a single capillary bed between the artery and vein

Anatomy Lab (5 decks)

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