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BIOLOGY PAPER 1 - ORGANISATION > The heart and circulation > Flashcards

The heart and circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of system do fish have?

what does this mean?

A

they have a single circulatory system

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2
Q

in fish, what type of blood is pumped from the heart to the gills?

A

deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the gills

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3
Q

describe the single circulatory system in fish

A

heart->gills->organs->heart…
deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the gills where it collects oxygen and becomes oxygenated
the oxygenated blood then passes straight from the gills to the organs where the oxygen diffuses out of the blood and into the body cells
the blood now returns to the heart

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4
Q

what happens in the gills of a fish?

A

deoxygenated blood (that’s pumped from the heart) gets carried to the gills where it collects oxygen and becomes oxygenated

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5
Q

where does the oxygenated blood from the gills then go to?

A

passes straight from the gills to the organs where the oxygen diffuses out of the blood and into the body cells

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6
Q

when oxygen is passed straight to the organs from the gills, what happens in the organs?

A

in the organs, oxygen diffuses out of the blood into the body cells
the blood then returns back to the heart

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7
Q

what are the problems with a single circulatory system?

A

The blood loses a lot of pressure as it passes through the gills before reaching the organs, this means that the blood travels to the organs relatively slowly meaning it CANNOT deliver a GREAT deal of oxygen

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8
Q

what type of system do humans have?

A

double cicrculatory system

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9
Q

fully describe the double circulatory system in humans.

A

heart->lungs->heart->organs->heart
deoxygenated blood is pumped from heart to lungs where it collects oxygen
the oxygenated blood then returns to the heart, the heart now pumps oxygenated blood to the organs where the blood transfers it’s oxygen to the body cells, the blood now returns back to the heart.

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10
Q

what is the benefit of a double circulatory system?

A

the blood passing through the heart twice means that it can travel rapidly to the body cells delivering the oxygen that the cells need.

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11
Q

where is deoxygenated blood pumped from?

where to?

A

the heart

the lungs

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12
Q

what happens in the lungs?

what happens after the lungs?

A

the deoxygenated blood collects oxygen in the lungs and becomes oxygenated
the oxygenated blood then returns back into the heart

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13
Q

after returning to the heart again, what then happens to the blood?

A

the heart pumps the now oxygenated blood to the organs

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14
Q

what happens in the organs of a human heart system?

A

blood transfers it’s oxygen to body cells, blood is then passed back to the heart

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15
Q

what is the heart?
what does it consist of?
what does it do?

A

it’s an organ consisting of mainly muscle tissues. The heart pumps blood around the body.

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16
Q

structure of the heart

  • how many chambers does the heart have?
  • what are the names of the 4 atriums and where are they?
A 
4 chambers 
left atrium = at the top 
right atrium = at the top 
left ventricle = bottom of heart
right ventricle = boron of heart
17
Q

structure of the heart

-what are the atria separated from and separated by?

A

The atria are separated from the ventricles by valves

18
Q

what are the 4 main blood vessels entering and leaving the heart?

A
  • Vena Cava- brings deoxygenated blood from the body
  • pulmonary artery
  • aorta
  • Pulmonary vein
19
Q

what does the blood vessel, vena cava do?

what happens after that?

A

brings in deoxygenated blood from the body
the blood now passes from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary artery
in the lungs, the blood collects oxygen

20
Q

what is the purpose of the pulmonary artery?

A

the passing of blood from the heart to the lungs so that the blood collects oxygen

21
Q

describe fully the process of the blood vessels and theyre functions

A

1.Vena Cava brings deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary artery.
2.In the lungs the blood collects oxygen, the oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the body in the aorta
3.

22
Q

which vessel transfers blood from the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

23
Q

which vessel transfers oxygenated blood pumped from the heart into the body?

A

aorta

24
Q

what is the pattern of blood flow in the heart?

A

first, blood enters the left atrium and the right atrium

The atrium now contract and the blood is forced into the ventricles

The ventricles now contract and force blood out of the heart

The valves in the heart stop the blood from flowing backwards into the atria when the ventricles contract

25
Q

which side of the heart has a thicker muscular wall?

why?

A

the left side of the heart (the left ventricle) has a thicker MUSCULAR WALL

because the left ventricle pumps blood around the entire body so it needs to provide a greater force.

26
Q

what does the left ventricle do?

what does the right ventricle do?

A

left ventricle pumps blood around the whole body

right ventricle only pumps blood to the LUNGS

27
Q

where does the right ventricle pumps blood to?

A

the lungs

28
Q

where does the left ventricle pumps blood to?

A

the whole body

29
Q

what does the coronary arteries do?

A

it’s a blood vessel that branch out of the aorta and spread out into the heart muscle
provides oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart

30
Q

coronary arteries provides oxygen to the muscle cell of the heart
what is this oxygen used for?

A

the oxygen is used for respiration to provide the energy for contraction

31
Q

what is the natural resting heart rate controlled by?

A

the pacemaker

32
Q

what is a pacemaker?

A

a group of cells found in the right atrium that control the natural resting heart rate

33
Q

what can we do when a pacemaker stops working correctly?

A

doctors can implant an artificial pacemaker

34
Q

what is an artificial pacemaker?

A

a small electric device and it corrects irregularities in the heart rate

35
Q

what is another important blood vessel?

A

the coronary arrow tied

BIOLOGY PAPER 1 - ORGANISATION (17 decks)

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