Cardivascular diseases

Question 1

what are cardiovascular diseases diseases of?

Answer 1

The heart and blood vessels

Question 2

features of cardiovascular diseases

Answer 2

non communicable

not infectious. cannot be passes from person to person

Question 3

what an example of a cardiovascular disease?

Answer 3

coronary heart disease

Question 4

what happens in coronary heart disease?

Answer 4

layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries.
this causes the coronary arteries to narrow.
this reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries
this results in a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle
in extreme cases this can result in a HEART ATTACK where the heart is starved of oxygen

Question 5

recap : what is the purpose of the coronary arteries

Answer 5

to provide oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart

the oxygen is used in respiration to provide the energy for contraction

Question 6

explain the factors leading up to a heart attack

Answer 6

starved of oxygen by:

layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries which cause the coronary arteries to narrow leading to the reduction of blood flow in the coronary arteries. this results in a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle
when the heart is starved of oxygen this results in a heart attack

Question 7

what are the 2 common treatments of heart disease

Answer 7

statins

a stent

Question 8

what are statins and what is their function

Answer 8

statins are drugs which reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood

(treatment for coronary heart disease)

Question 9

how do statins ,reducing the level of cholesterol in the blood ,help with the treatment of coronary heart disease?

Answer 9

reducing the cholesterol of the blood slows down the rate that fatty materials build up in the arteries

Question 10

what are the advantages and disadvantages to statins

Answer 10

advantages:
-have been proven to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.

disadvantages:

• Statins have unwanted side effects (eg liver problems)
• in some people, coronary heart disease can cause a total blockage of a coronary artery{THESE PEOPLE CAN BE TREATED USING A STENT}

Question 11

what is a stent

Answer 11

a tube which can be inserted into in the coronary artery to keep it open

Question 12

what is the advantages and disadvantages of inserting a stent?

Answer 12

Advantages:
inserting a stent so that blood can flow normally through the artery

Disadvantages:

• A stent WONT prevent other regions of the coronary heart disease from narrowing
• it doesn’t treat the underlying causes of the disease

Question 13

another type of cardiovascular disease concerns the heart valves.
sometimes the heart valves do not open
what does the heart have to do for the valves to open?
what can this cause?

Answer 13

the heart has to pump extra hard for the blood to get through
which causes the heart to enlarge

Question 14

other times the valves are leaky, what can this cause?

Answer 14

can cause the patient to feel weak and tired

Question 15

what can we do when heart valves are faulty

Answer 15

we can replace them either with a mechanical valve made of metal or a valve from an animal such as a pig

Question 16

name an advantage of mechanical valves
a disadvantage of mechanical valves
and a solution to the disadvantage

Answer 16

mechanical valves can last a lifetime
they increase the risk of blood clots
patients have to take anticlotting drugs

Question 17

name a disadvantage for using valves from animals

and name an advantage

Answer 17

a disadvantage is that valves from animals do not last as long and may need to be replaced
however an advantage of it is that patients do not need to take drugs

Question 18

cases of patients with cardiovascular disease what can the heart not do
what do we call this

Answer 18

Heart cannot pump enough blood around the body

this is called heart failure

Question 19

during heart failure, when the heart cannot pump enough blood around the body what are patient sometimes given

Answer 19

donated heart or a donated heart and lungs

Question 20

what is a problem with using donated hearts to treat patients with heart failure ( a cardiovascular disease)

Answer 20

there are not enough donated a heart available to treat every patient

Question 21

patient with a donated heart must do what to the donated heart to prevent from being rejected by the bodies immune system

Answer 21

The patient must take drugs to stop the donated heart from being rejected by the bodies immune system

Question 22

what is a temporary solution for a patient with heart failure which cannot get a donated heart

Answer 22

sometimes a patient can be given an artificial heart as a temporary solution while waiting for a heart transplant or to allow the damaged heart to rest.

Question 23

name some disadvantages of artificial hearts

Answer 23

Artificial hearts increase the risk of blood clotting they are not a long-term solution to heart failure