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biology paper 1 > the heart and blood vessels > Flashcards

the heart and blood vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the blood carry

A

oxygen and nutrients

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2
Q

what is the circulatory systems purpose

A

transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues

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3
Q

what does the heart do

A

pump blood to the body

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4
Q

how many chambers does the heart have

A

4

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5
Q

what are the top two chambers called

A

right and left atrium

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6
Q

what are the bottom chambers called

A

right and left ventricles

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7
Q

what are the purpose of veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

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8
Q

what is the purpose of arteries

A

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

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9
Q

what is the purpose of capillaries

A

carry nutrients to tissues and remove waste products

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10
Q

what are the features of arteries

A

have thick muscular walls to pump blood
narrow to maintain pressure
no vavles
wide walls to assist blood flow

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11
Q

what are the features of veins

A

thin walls
wide lumen to maintain pressure as blood flows away from the heart
vavles to prevent backflow

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12
Q

what are the features of capillaries

A

small lumen only lets one cell through at a time
no muscle
no vavles
single cell thick for short diffusion distance

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13
Q

how does deoxygenated enter the heart

A

through the vena cava

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14
Q

how does oxygenated blood enter the heart

A

pulmonary vein

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15
Q

what are the walls of the heart made mostly of

A

muscular tissue

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16
Q

what are the purpose of vavles in the heart

A

make sure blood flows in the right direction

17
Q

what do the atria do

A

contract pushing blood into ventricles

18
Q

what do ventricles do

A

contract, forcing blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta, and out of the heart

19
Q

what is a pacemaker

A

a group of cells wich control your resting heart rate. found in the right atrium wall

20
Q

what do pacemaker cells do

A

produce small electric impulse wich spreads to the surrounding muscle cells causing them to contract

21
Q

what is an artificial pacemaker

A

device wich is implanted under the skin and has a wire going to the heart. produces an electrical current to keep the heart beating

22
Q

describe the double circulatory system

A

the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take on oxygen and the blood then returns to the heart

the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the other organs of the body. the blood gives up it’s oxygen at the body cells and the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped out to the lungs again

biology paper 1 (11 decks)

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