human digestive system Flashcards
what is the purpose of digestion
to break down food molecules so they can absorb into cells
what is produced to help chew food
saliva
what does salivary amalyse do
help break down carbohydrates
where does food go after being consumed
down the esophagus into the stomach
what is the first thing the stomach does
contracts it’s muscular walls to push food around
what is the second thing the stomach does
produces pepsin wich breaks down proteins
what is the third thing the stomach does
produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and provide the right environment for pepsin to work
where does food go after the stomach
to the small intestine
what does the small intestine do
produces protease, amalyse and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
absorbs digested food into the bloodstream
how is the small intestine specialised
has microvilli to increase surface area and absorb food
food is diffused so glucose can be used in respiration
very good blood supply
what does the pancreas do
produce enzymes like protease, amalyse, and lipase then releases them into the small intestine through pancreatic juices
where is bile made
the liver
where is bile stored
gall bladder
what does the gall bladder do
releases bile
emulsifies fats into droplets to give bigger surface area for digestion
what does bile do
neutralises acid from the stomach
what is next in the digestive system
the large intestine
what happens in the large intestine
excess water is absorbed leaving behind feaces
what is a catalyst
substance which increases the speed of a reaction with being changed or used up in the reaction
what are enzymes made up of
proteins made up of amino acids
what two factors effect enzymes
temperature and ph
what happens to enzymes when the temperature is too high
the shape of the active site changes so the substrate does not fit anymore, the enzyme becomes denatured
what happens to enzymes when the ph is too high or low
the shape of the active site changes and it becomes denatured
what does amalyse break down
starch into maltose
where is amalyse made
pancreas
small intestine
salivary glands
