The Heart-Additional

Question 1

True or false

If your heart was removed from your body it would still beat

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is a pacemaker?

Answer 2

A pacemaker controls the beating of the heart. This is a group of cells in the right atrium. They send electrical messages to the heart muscle. These messages stimulate the heart muscle to contract.

Question 3

The pacemaker also receives information from the brain. Some nerves slow ____ the heart rate, others speed it ______. So the brain is able to adjust the heart rate to the needs of the _______.

Answer 3

Down
Up
Body

Question 4

What might cause your heart to beat faster?

Answer 4

During exercise your muscles need more energy from respiration in order to contract. So your heart beats faster and arteries supplying the muscles dilate. These changes increase the blood flow and increase the supply of glucose and oxygen and increase the removal of carbon dioxide.

Question 5

True or false

Despite being full of blood, the heart needs a blood supply of its own.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What are coronary arteries?

Answer 6

They carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Question 7

Why does the heart muscle need a good oxygen supply and what else does it need from the blood to give energy?

Answer 7

The heart muscle needs energy from respiration in order to contract. Respiration requires glucose glucose and oxygen. The coronary arteries supplies the heart muscle with both glucose and oxygen.

Question 8

What might happen if a coronary artery became blocked?

Answer 8

The oxygen supply to the heart muscle would be cut off. This could cause a coronary heart attack. If the heart muscle is starved of oxygen then it will die. If the damage to the heart muscle is extensive, then the person may die.

Question 9

Many people survive heart attacks, with treatment followed by adjustment to their __________.

Answer 9

Lifestyles

Question 10

Heart disease causes a ______ of all deaths in Britain. It is the biggest single killer of middle-aged men in the _________ world.

Answer 10

Quarter

Developed

Question 11

What do healthy arteries have?

Answer 11

A smooth lining and they let the blood flow through easily.

Question 12

A chemical called _________, made in the liver and found in the diet, can stick to the walls. This can narrow the artery and ______down the flow of blood.

Answer 12

Cholesterol

Slow

Question 13

Explain how cholesterol can cause blood clots:(3)

Answer 13

• Fatty deposits break away from then artery wall
• Fatty deposit blocks the artery
• Blood flow along the artery stops

Question 14

What is a the blockage of a vessel called?

Answer 14

Thrombosis

Question 15

What serious problems does the narrowing of the coronary artery cause?(2)

Answer 15

1. ) If the coronary artery gets partly blocked it can cause chest pains, especially if activity or emotion makes the heart work harder. This is called ‘angina’. It is caused by not enough oxygen getting to the heart muscle. Angina should act as a warning to the sufferer.
2. ) A total blockage or thrombosis can cause a heart attack. The supply of oxygen is cut off. It causes a severe pain in the chest. The affected part of the heart is damaged.

Question 16

What is a cardiac arrest?

Answer 16

The heart may stop beating altogether. Death will follow unless the heart starts beating again within minutes.

Question 17

What are risk factors?

Answer 17

Things that are thought to increase the chances of getting heart disease.

Question 18

What are unavoidable risk factors? (3)

Answer 18

=Inherited genes-heart disease tends to run in families
=Age-the chances of getting heart disease increase with age
=Sex-men are more likely to get heart disease than women

Question 19

What are some avoidable risk factors?(4)

Answer 19

=Eating fatty foods- these can increase cholesterol
=Being over-weight
=Smoking
=Taking little of no exercise

Question 20

How can you avoid heart disease?(3)

Answer 20

=Take care of your diet
-Eat more poultry and fish-they are less fatty
-Eat less red meat
-Eat more fresh fruit and vegetables
=Take some regular exercise 
=Do not smoke

Question 21

What are statins?

Answer 21

They are heart drugs that were invented 20 years ago. They have been proven to cut death from heart disease by 28 percent and further non-fatal heart attacks by 31 percent.

Question 22

What are the 2 serious side effects of statins?

Answer 22

• Irritation of the liver

- Damage to muscle cells