Blood

Question 1

What happens when a person loses a lot of blood?

Answer 1

They need to have a blood transfusion.

Question 2

Why is blood so important?

Answer 2

• It transports things from one of your body to another

- It helps to protect your body from disease

Question 3

How much blood do we have?

Answer 3

5 liters (bucket full)

Question 4

What is the yellow liquid in blood?

Answer 4

Plasma

Question 5

What is plasma made of?

Answer 5

• Food, such as, amino acids, vitamins and minerals
• Chemical waste like urea
• Blood proteins like antibodies
• Hormones

Question 6

What is the red liquid in blood?

Answer 6

Cells

Question 7

What are the three main types of blood cells?

Answer 7

• Red cells have no nucleus. They look red because they have a red pigment called haemoglobin.
• White cells do have a nucleus. There are 2 main types: lymphocytes and phagocytes. White cells do not have haemoglobin so they don’t look red.
• Platelets are tiny bits of cells.

Question 8

How many red cells are in each drop of blood?

Answer 8

Millions

Question 9

What do red cells do?

Answer 9

Carry oxygen.

Question 10

How does the shape of a red blood cell help it to carry oxygen?

Answer 10

Red cells are disc-shaped with the middle pushed in. They have a large surface area to volume ratio. This helps them to absorb a lot of oxygen.

Question 11

What do red cells have instead of a nucleus?

Answer 11

They are filled with haemoglobin.

Question 12

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 12

This is a special protein that contains iron. It helps transport oxygen.

Question 13

You must have enough ____ in your diet to make enough haemoglobin for your red cells.

Answer 13

Iron

Question 14

What is oxyhaemoglobin?

Answer 14

When haemoglobin combined easily with oxygen.

Question 15

How does oxyhaemoglobin form?

Answer 15

• Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood. The oxygen sticks to the haemoglobin in the red cells making oxyhaemoglobin.
• The red blood cells carry the oxygen to the cells which need it.

Question 16

Where does the oxyhaemoglobin break down?

Answer 16

• The oxygen becomes unstuck from the oxyhaemoglobin and diffuses out of the blood to the cells. The oxyhaemoglobin is now just haemoglobin again.
• The empty red blood cells return to the lungs to pick up more oxygen

Question 17

True or False

Answer 17

Red cells also carry some carbon dioxide, but most of it is carried dissolved in the plasma.

Question 18

What are white cells?

Answer 18

They fight disease

Question 19

What do red cells have that white cells don’t? (3)

Answer 19

• White cells are not disc-shaped
• They do not have haemoglobin
• They do have nucleus

Question 20

Where both red cells and white cells made?

Answer 20

Bone marrow

Question 21

What is the job of the white cells?

Answer 21

Their job is to protect the body from any pathogens that get into the blood.

Question 22

When a bacterium enters the body the white cells recognize that it is _______ and should not be there.

Answer 22

Foreign

Question 23

What do lymphocytes make?

Answer 23

They make chemicals called antibodies .

Question 24

How do antibodies attack pathogens?(3)

Answer 24

• They make them stick together
• They dissolve them
• They destroy the toxins that the pathogens make

Question 25

After you have had a disease the antibodies stay in your blood. They make you ______ to the disease. There is a _______ for each type of pathogen.

Answer 25

Immune

Different

Question 26

What are phagocytes?

Answer 26

These are ‘cell-eaters’ they engulf or swallow up pathogens and them into the cell. They they digest them and kill them.

Question 27

When pathogens invade the body white cells move towards them. They can squeeze through _______ walls.

Answer 27

Capillary