The Heart Flashcards
Name two other substances transported in the blood plasma.
1.Glucose
2. Hormones
Explain why having more red blood cells per cm’ of blood is an advantage to an athlete.
More red blood cells mean more oxygen carried throughout the body. This increased oxygen delivery boosts aerobic performance, allowing athletes to sustain higher intensity exercise for longer periods. The improved oxygen supply to muscles reduces fatigue, and leads to faster recovery time.
Compare the structure of an artery with the structure of a vein.
Arteries have thick, strong walls and a narrow lumen to handle high-pressure blood from the heart. In contrast, veins have thinner walls, a wider lumen, and valves to prevent backflow, as they carry blood back to the heart at lower pressure.
Purpose of xylem cells
Xylem cells transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to the leaves and other parts. Xylem cells are specialized for this function; they have thick walls that provide structural support and help withstand the pressure of water movement.
Purpose of phloem cells
Phloem cells transport the products of photosynthesis, primarily sugars, from the leaves where they are produced to other parts of the plant, such as roots, stems, and fruits. They have large pores allowing easy flow of nutrients.
What is double circulation and why is it important?
Double circulation is a system where blood flows through the heart twice during one complete circuit of the body. In pulmonary circulation, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Then, oxygenated blood is carried from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues before returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This separation of blood flow enhances efficiency, allowing for better oxygen delivery and supporting higher metabolic rates, which is crucial for warm-blooded animals like humans.
