Infection And Response Flashcards
Give 3 examples of communicable diseases and 3 examples of non- communicable diseases
COMMUNICABLE-
-Chicken Pox
-Flu
-Hepatitis
-Tuberculosis
NON-COMMUNICABLE-
-Cancer
-Asthma
-Diabetes
-Heart Disease
Give 4 causes of ill health
-Being Unhygenic
-Unbalanced diet
-Unhealthy sleep cycle
-Low immune health
State 4 risk factors of NCD’S (non-communicable diseases)
-Smoking
-Genes
-UV light
-Lack of exercise
-Excessive Alcohol consumption
Give 3 examples of Fungal diseases
-Athletes foot
-Ringworm
-Yeast infections
-Rose black spot
Give 3 Examples of Viral diseases
-The flu
-COVID 19
-Chicken Pox
-Mumps
-Measles
Give 3 examples of bacterial diseases
-Salmonella
-Tuberculosis
-Pneumonia
-Food poisoning
Give an example of a protist disease
-Malaria
Explain how vaccination reduces the spread of bacteria
Vaccines expose your body to weakened or dead components of a pathogen, this weaker version of the pathogen stimulates white blood cells to recognise this as foreign and produce the correct antibodies against it. The antibody can kill the pathogen.
Outline how bacteria develops antibiotic resistance
Within a population of bacteria, some will have random mutations. These bacteria’s with mutations become resistant to antibiotics meaning they survive while the non-resistant bacteria die. These resistant bacteria reproduce rapidly.
What is a vaccine?
A dead/ inactive form of a pathogen.
Describe the steps in the procedure to produce monoclonal antibodies
-Inject a virus into a mouse
-Stimulate the lymphocytes to produce antibodies.
-Combine the lymphocytes with the tumour cells
-This will produce hybridoma cells which allow the tumour cells to divide faster
-A single hybridoma cell can be cloned to produce identical cells and antibodies
How does injecting a monoclonal antibody for RSV help treat a patient suffering with disease?
The monoclonal antibody attaches to the antigen as it has a complementary shape, and the white blood cell engulfs the virus killing it.
What does a lack of nitrates lead to in a plant?
-Leads to insufficient protein production
-Leads to stunted growth and a lack of crop production
What does a lack of magnesium lead to in a plant?
-Magnesium is needed for production of chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis
-Lack of chlorophyll leads to yellow leaves and stunted production
Explain what causes illness
Bacteria which could be inhaled or touched. This bacteria reproduces fast and releases toxins.
Steps in the immune response when a pathogen enters the body
Pathogen enters the body
Immune system recognizes antigens
Antibodies specific to the antigen are produced
Pathogen is neutralized
How do vaccines provide long-term immunity?
Producing antibodies and memory cells
