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The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the chambers that receive blood?

A

Atria

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2
Q

What are the chambers that pump blood out of the heart?

A

Ventricles

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3
Q

Where’s the cavity where you find the heart?

A

Pericardial

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4
Q

What’s the side of the heart that moves deoxygenated blood?

A

Right

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5
Q

What’s the side of the heart that moves oxygenated blood?

A

Left

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6
Q

What’s the epicardium?

A

The outermost layer of the heart

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7
Q

What’s the myocardium

A

The middle layer of the heart

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8
Q

What’s the endocardium

A

The inner layer covering the inside of chambers and valves

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9
Q

What’s where one cardiac muscle cell jouns another?

A

Intercalculated Disc

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10
Q

What’s the wall that divides the left and right sides of the heart?

A

Septum

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11
Q

What are the valves that allow blood to flow from atria tnto ventricles ?

A

Atrioventricular Valves (AV Valves)

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12
Q

What’s the right AV Valve also known as?

A

Tricupsid Valve

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13
Q

What’s the left AV Valve also known as? (two answers)

A

Bicupsid, or Mitral Valve

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14
Q

What are the valves that are the exit points from the heart?

A

Semilunar Valves

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15
Q

What’s the type of semilunar valve leads into the aorta?

A

Aortic Semilunar Valve (Aortic Valve)

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16
Q

What type of semilunar valve leads into the pulmonary trunk?

A

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (Pulmonary Valve)

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17
Q

What are the two large veins that empty into the right atrium, and where they bring blood from?

A

Superior Vena Cava, and the Inferior Vena Cava

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18
Q

Where does the Superior Vena Cava bring blood from?

A

Head and arms

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19
Q

Where does the Inferior Vena Cava bring blood from?

A

Trunk and legs

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20
Q

What are the fibers that attach to papillary muscles and limit valve movement?

A

Chordae Tendinae (“Heart Strings”)

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21
Q

What’s the chamber that receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary circulation?

A

Left Atrium

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22
Q

What’s the chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from pulmonary circulation?

A

Right Atrium

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23
Q

What’s the chamber that pumps blood to the lungs?

A

Right ventricle

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24
Q

What’s the chamber that pumps blood to the body?

A

Left Ventricle

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25
When blood leaves the right ventricle what valve does it pass through and what vessel does it enter?
The pulmonary semilunar valve/ pulmonary trunk
26
When the blood leaves the left ventricle what valve does it pass through, and what vessel does it enter?
Aortic semilunar valve, and the aorta
27
Why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right ventricle?
It needs to be stronger because it is pumping blood to the entire body, where the right is only pumping to the lungs
28
Which ventricle has blood under much higher pressure?
Left Ventricle
29
What is the purpose of valves (flaps) in the heart?
Prevents backflow of blood
30
What is the name of the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart itself?
Coronary Arteries
31
The small branches of coronary arteries form together creating what?
Anastomoses
32
What is a myocardial infraction?
A heart attack
33
What causes a myocardial infraction?
It is caused by the blockage of coronary vessels and cardiac tissue dies
34
What's the "pacemaker" of the heart called?
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
35
If the SA node fails, this takes over at a slower rate
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
36
Put these words in order, on which outline the conducting system of the heart: Bundle Branches SA Node AV Bundle AV Node Purkinje Fibers
SA Node AV Node AV Bundle Bundle Braches Purkinje Fibers
37
What's the term given to a heartbeat thats too slow?
Bradycardia
38
What's the term given to a heartbeat that is too fast?
Tachycardia
39
What's abnormal cardiac activity called?
Arrhythmia
40
What's the contraction of a chamber- when the chamber is ejecting blood?
Systole
41
What's the relaxation of a chamber- when a chamber is filling up with blood?
Diastole
42
What's the first heart sound "lubb" caused by?
The AV valves closing (Semilunar valves open)
43
What's the second heart sound "dubb" caused by?
Semilunar valves closing (AV valves open)
44
What's the volume of blood called when ejected by a ventricle in one contraction?
Stroke Volume
45
What's the volume of blood called when ejected by a ventricle in one minute?
Cardiac Output
46
How do you calculate cardiac output?
CO= SV x HR (heart rate)
47
What are the vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart?
Arteries
48
What are the vessels that carry blood TOWARDS the heart?
Veins
49
What are the three layers of walls of large blood vessels?
Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, and Tunia Externa
50
What layer is the Tunica Intima
The inner layer
51
What layer is the Tunica Media?
The middle layer
52
What layer is the Tunica Externa?
Outer layer
53
What's the reconstruction of a blood vessel called?
Vasoconstriction
54
What are the name of the blood vessels that are thick walled, large and resilient?
Elastic Arteries
55
What are blood vessels that contain valves?
Veins
56
Why are veins necessary?
To prevent backflow of blood
57
What are vessels that permit exchange of gasses and nutrients with body tissues?
Capillaries
58
Blood flows into capillary beds through these
Arterioles
59
Blood leaves capillary beds through these
Venules
60
Whats the advantage of small diameter of capillaries?
Slows blood flow, and allos time for gas and nutreient exchange

Anatomy (4 decks)

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