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Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Provide large area for gas exchange
  2. Move air in and out
  3. Protects from dehydration, and temp changes
  4. Sounds allowing for speech
  5. Aids in smell
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2
Q

What are the major anatomical structures of the respiratory tract?

A

Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bonchioles, and Alveoli

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3
Q

What zone delivers air to lungs and extends from the nasal cavity to the larger bronchioles?

A

Conduction Zone

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4
Q

Air entering the body is filtered and humidified by the what?

A

Nasal Chamber in the upper conduction portion

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5
Q

What are the type of cells that make up the lining of the trachea?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

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6
Q

What is the function of the cilia in the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?

A

Sweep mucus and any trapped debris towards the pharynx

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7
Q

What forms the anterior and lateral surfaces of the lerynx “Adams Apple”

A

Thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

What is a shared structure between the digestive and respiratory system?

A

Pharynx

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9
Q

Where does the nasal cavity open in the first part of the pharynx?

A

Internal Nares

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10
Q

What is the passage from the pharynx to the larynx?

A

Glottis

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11
Q

What structure closes off the opening of the glottis during swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

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12
Q

What are the other three parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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13
Q

What consists of nine cartilages, ligaments, and skeletal muscle

A

Larynx

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14
Q

What is another word for the windpipe?

A

Trachea

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15
Q

Why do the c shaped cartilages of the trachea open posteriorly?

A

To allow the passage of food down the esophagus

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16
Q

The trachea branches off into the?

A

Right and left primary bronchus

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17
Q

The first branch off of the primary bronchi that enter the lung lobe

A

Secondary bronchi

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18
Q

Branches that supply bronchipulmonary segment of the lung?

A

Tertiary bronchi

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19
Q

How many Tertiary bronchi are found in each lung?

A

9-10

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20
Q

Starting with the trachea trace the flow of oxygenated air to the alveoli

A

Trachea, Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, initial brochiole, and the alveoli

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21
Q

The actual site of gas exchange in the lungs

A

Alveoli

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22
Q

The alveolar exchange surfaces in the lungs are approx. (area)

A

140 m2

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23
Q

Walls of the alveoli are made up of what type of cells?

A

Thin simple squamous epithemlium

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24
Q

Vocal cords are connected to thyroid cartilage by

A

Ligaments

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25
Which vocal cords are formed by an upper pair of ligaments and are inelastic (reduce the size of the glottis)
False Vocal Cords
26
Which vocal cords are formed by the the lower pair of ligaments and are involved in the production of sound
True Vocal Cords
27
What are the lobes of the lung divided by?
Fissures
28
The right lung has ___ lobes, and the left lung has ___ lobes
3, 2
29
The ____ bronchi is larger and at a steeper angle compared to the ____ and creates a more likely pathway for choking
Right, Left
30
Layer of serous membrane that covers the surface of the lungs
Visceral
31
Ciliated columnar epithemlium is the type of tissue lining the _____
Trachea
32
By changing the diameter, length, an tension of the vocal cords, the _____ of voval sound in controlled
Pitch
33
The walls of the bronchioles are dominated by smooth muscles, whose activity is regulated by the _____
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
34
Primary cells of alveoli are _____
Pneumocytes type I
35
Pneumocytes type II produce ______ the oily secretion that helps to keep alveoli open
Surfactant
36
The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called
Pulmonary Ventilation
37
Sheet of muscle that sits under the rivs and helps move air into and out of the lungs
Diaphargm
38
_____ respiration is the movement of oxygenated air into cells and deoxygenated air (CO2) into blood
Internal
39
What is hypoxia?
Low oxygen levels
40
What is anoxia?
Oxygen supply cut off completly form an area, cells die quickly
41
During quiet breathing, the diaphragm accounts for about ____ of the air movement
75%
42
Amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during quiet breathing
Tidal Volume
43
Amount of air voluntarily pushed out forcefully at the end of Vt
ERV Expiratory Reserve Volume
44
Amount of air that can be taken in above Vt
IRV Inspiratory Reserve Volume
45
During quiet breathing exhalation is
Passive
46
In forced breathing, both inhalation and exhalation are
Active
47
During inhalation volume ______ and pressure _______ therefore air moves in
Increases, Decreases
48
During exhalation volume ____ and pressure _______ therefore air moves out
Decreases, Increases
49
____ is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere
Nitrogen
50
Why do gasses move?
Diffusion from regions of higher pressure to lower pressure
51
_____ is the expandability of the lungs
Compliance
52
Red blood cells carry both oxygen and carbon dioxie on _______
Hemoglobin
53
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as?
Biocarbonate Ions
54
Respiration is controlled by which parts of the brain?
Medulla Oblongata and pons
55
The dorsal respiratory group contains neurons that control which muscles?
Diaphragm and external intercostals
56
Increases in Pco2 and a decrease of pH will increase ______
Respiratory State
57
Cavities that surround each lung are called ______
Pleura
58
Pleural layers also secrete _____ a serous fluid that reduces friction
Surfactant
59
Lack of surfactant triggers _____
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
60
Most common lethal genetic disorder in US, individuals produce thick mucus that can't be transported by cilia
Cystic Fibrosis
61
Masses or clots blocking pulmonary artery branch and stopping flow of blood to lobules
Pulmonary Embolism
62
Inflammation of pulmonary lobules, results from infections
Pneumonia
63
Infection of lungs, caused by bacterium, results in coughing, chest pain, with fever, night sweats and weight loss
Tuberculosis
64
Parietal pleura is punctured and the lung collapses
Pneumothorax
65
Loss of supporting tissue due to alveolar damage, results in shortness of breath
Emphysema

Anatomy (4 decks)

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