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Bio > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of the blood circulatory system

A

Transport system for food and oxygen into body cells
Move co2 and nitrogenous waste away from body cells
Above is transported via the blood

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2
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Blood is not confined to the blood vessels
Blood filled spaces/cavities aka HAEMOCOELS
Organs found in haemocoels ——> submerged in blood
Obtain O2 and food from blood by diffusion

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3
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Blood is confined to the blood vessels only

[arteries , veins , capillaries ]

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4
Q

Double circulatory system

A

Blood is pumped from heart along 2 circuits

1] pulmonary circuit - CO2 blood moves from heart to lungs and returns to heart as O2 blood

2] systemic circuit - O2 blood is pumped throughout body and returns to heart as CO2 blood

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5
Q

Aorta

A

Carries Co2 blood from left ventricle to all parts of body

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6
Q

Superior VC

A

Carries CO2 blood from upper body parts into right atrium

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7
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives CO2 blood from superior and inferior VC

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8
Q

Coronary artery

A

Supplies o2 blood to the muscles of the heart

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9
Q

Inferior VC

A

Carries CO2 blood from lower parts of body into right atrium

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10
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Carries CO2 blood from rt ventricle into lungs

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11
Q

Pulomonary veins

A

Carries O2 blood from lungs into left atrium

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12
Q

Left atrium

A

Receives O2 blood from pulmonary veins from lungs

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13
Q

Coronary vein

A

Carries co2 blood from heart muscle

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14
Q

Pericardium

A

Membrane that encloses and protects the heart

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15
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Prevents blood from right ventricle from flowing back into right atrium

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16
Q

Tendonous cords

A

Prevent valve segments from flapping back into atrium

17
Q

Right ventricle

A

Co2 blood from here pumped to lungs

18
Q

Thinner muscle wall

A

Contraction of this muscular wall forces blood to move from rt atrium to lungs

19
Q

Semi-lunar valves

A

Prevents back flow of blood from pulmonary artery into into right ventricle

20
Q

Bicuspid valves [mitral]

A

Prevents blood from left ventricle from flowing back into the left atrium

21
Q

Left ventricle

A

O2 blood from here is pumped throughout body

22
Q

Thicker muscular wall

A

Provides powerful contractions to pump blood from left ventricle to body

23
Q

Septum

A

Seperating wall preventing the mixing of o2 blood and co2 blood

24
Q

Valve

A

Allows for 4 the movement of blood in one direction

25
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Contractions and relaxations of the heart muscle [heartbeat]

26
Q

Lub-dub sound of beating heart

A

Closing of valves as the atrial and ventricular muscles contract

27
Q

Sino-Atrial Node

A

Wall of rt atrium has specialised cells which acts as pacemaker
Determines the rate of contraction of atria and ventricles according to needs of body

28
Q

Atrial Systole

A

Muscles of atria contract
Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves forced open to allow for blood to flow from atria into ventricles
Duration - 0,1 s

29
Q

Ventricular Systole

A

Ventricular muscles contract
Both tricuspid and bicuspid vales Close [LUB SOUND]
Semi-lunar valves of PA and aorta open
CO2 blood from rt ventricle is forced up PÁ and moves to lungs
O2 blood from left ventricle is forced up aorta and moves to all parts of body
Duration - 0,3 s

30
Q

Atrial and Ventricular diastole

A

Muscles of atria and ventricles relax
Semi lunar valves in aorta and PÁ close to prevent any back flow of blood [DUB SOUND]
CO2 blood from the VC’s fills rt atrium - O2 blood from PV fills left atrium
Cycle starts again
Duration - 0,4 seconds

31
Q

Mechanisms controlling the heartbeat and heart rate

A

Heartbeat controlled by the brain [medulla oblongata]
If medulla does not send Impulse to heart ——> muscles won’t contract and heart won’t beat

32
Q

Flow diagram representing the mechanism of heartbeat

A

Co2 concentration high in blood leaving heart via systemic circuit
Chemoreceptors in carotid arteries send impulses to brain
Brain sends impulse to pacemaker of heart to increase the heart beat
More blood flows to lungs and more co2 is expelled
Co2 levels in arterial blood drops to normal and the heartbeat returns to normal

33
Q

When is a pulse created

A

When the heart beats and blood moves through the arteries

34
Q

Blood pressure

A

Refers to the two pressures measured in the arteries when the muscles of heart contract and relax

35
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Heart is pumping is high at 120mm

36
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

When the heart is pumping at Normal pressure when heart is at res at 80mm Hg

Bio (6 decks)

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