The Heart

Question 1

What kind of chambers are the atria?

Answer 1

receiving chambers
small, thin-walled chambers
not much movement - little propulsion of blood

Question 2

what are auricles and where are they located?

Answer 2

appendages that increase atrial volume

little tongues off the atria

Question 3

describe the right atrium

Answer 3

receives deoxygenated blood from body
anterior portion is smooth-walled
posterior portion contains ridges formed by pectinate muscle

Question 4

what separates the posterior and anterior atria?

Answer 4

crista terminalis

Question 5

what three veins empty into the right atrium?

Answer 5

1 - SVC: returns blood from above the diaphragm
2 - IVC: returns blood from below the diaphragm
3: coronary sinus: returns blood from coronary veins

Question 6

describe the left atrium

Answer 6

received oxygenated blood from lungs
pectinate muscles found only in auricles
4 pulmonary veins return blood from lungs

Question 7

what kind of chambers are the ventricles?

Answer 7

discharging chambers
make up most volume of the heart
thicker walls than atria
actual pumps of the heart

Question 8

where is the right ventricle located? left?

Answer 8

right: most of anterior surface - pumps blood into pulmonary trunk
left: posteroinferior surface - pumps blood into aorta

Question 9

what is trabeculae carneae?

Answer 9

irregular ridges of muscle on ventricular walls

Question 10

what are papillary muscles?

Answer 10

project into ventricular cavity

anchor chordae tendineae attached to heart valves

Question 11

what do the atrioventricular (AV) valves do?

Answer 11

prevent backflow into atria when ventricles contract

Question 12

what is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 12

right AV valve

made up of three cusps and lies between right atria and ventricle

Question 13

what is the mitral valve?

Answer 13

left AV valve

made up of two cusps and lies between left atria and ventricle

Question 14

what does the chordae tendineae do?

Answer 14

anchor cusps of AV valves to papillary muscles that function to:

• hold valve flaps in closed position
• prevent flaps from everting back into atria

Question 15

what do the semilunar valves do?

Answer 15

prevent backflow from major arteries back into ventricles

• open and close in response to pressure changes
• each valve has 3 cusps that resemble a half moon

Question 16

where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located?

Answer 16

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 17

where is the aortic semilunar valve located?

Answer 17

between left ventricle and aorta

Question 18

what is the pathway through the right side of the heart?

Answer 18

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary trunk
right and left pulmonary arteries (deoxygenated blood)
lungs

Question 19

what is the pathway of the left side of the heart?

Answer 19

four pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
systemic circulation (rest of body)

Question 20

what kind of circulation is the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 20

short, low pressure circulation

Question 21

what kind of circulation is the systemic circuit?

Answer 21

circuit is long, high-friction circulation

Question 22

which ventricle wall is thicker and why?

Answer 22

left ventricle wall

- pumps with greater pressure