The head and neck muscles

Question 1

What is the transition between the muscle and tendon called?

Answer 1

Enthesis

Question 2

What is the origin of a muscle?

Answer 2

Tendon attachment to the stationary bone, usually the proximal attachment.

Question 3

What is the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 3

Tendon attachment to the bone that moves during movement, usually the distal attachment.

Question 4

How many muscle compartments are in the brachium?

Answer 4

2, anterior and posterior compartments.

Question 5

How many muscle compartments are in the leg?

Answer 5

3, anterior, lateral and posterior

Question 6

What are muscle compartments separated by?

Answer 6

Fascia, ligament and bone

Question 7

What is the contractile unit made up of?

Answer 7

Sarcomeres

Question 8

What determines the muscle’s shortening ability?

Answer 8

The muscle fibre length.

Question 9

What determines the muscle’s force-generating ability?

Answer 9

The number of muscle fibres present.

Question 10

What are the 2 superficial muscles responsible for mastication (temporomandibular joint movement)?

Answer 10

Temporalis and masseter.

Question 11

What is the name for the flesh part of muscle between the tendon ends?

Answer 11

Belly

Question 12

Where is the insertion and origin of the masseter?

Answer 12

origin from the zygomatic arch, insertion at the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus.

Question 13

What nerve innervates the masseter?

Answer 13

The trigeminal nerve

Question 14

What is the muscle structure of the masseter?

Answer 14

Multipennete

Question 15

Where is the insertion and origin of the temporalis?

Answer 15

Origin: Temporal line
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible.

Question 16

What nerve innervates the temporalis?

Answer 16

Trigeminal nerve

Question 17

What is the muscle structure of temporalis?

Answer 17

Bipennate

Question 18

What are the deep mastication muscles?

Answer 18

Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

Question 19

Where is the orgin and the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Answer 19

Origin: Medial side of the lateral pterygoid plate.
Insertion: Medial surface. of the mandibular angle.
(downwards)

Question 20

What nerve innervates the medial pterygoid muscle?

Answer 20

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 21

Where is the orgin and the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Answer 21

Origin: The lateral side of the lateral pterygoid plate.
Insertion: Medial surface of the temporomandibular joint and the neck of the mandible.

Question 22

What nerve innervates facial expressions?

Answer 22

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 23

What expression does frontalis innervate?

Answer 23

Surprise

Question 24

Where is the orgin and the insertion of the frontalis?

Answer 24

Origin: Galea Aponeurotica (in front of coronal suture)
Insertion: Supraorbital muscles.

Question 25

What expression does occipitalis innervate?

Answer 25

Surprise

Question 26

Where is the orgin and the insertion of the occipitalis?

Answer 26

Origin: Lateral 2/3rds of the superior nuchal line. Insertion: Galea Aponeaurotica (superficial to the occipital bone)

Question 27

What does the frontalis and the occipitalis make up?

Answer 27

Occipitofrontalis.

Question 28

Where is the modiolus?

Answer 28

The angle of the mouth

Question 29

What is the modiolus?

Answer 29

A dense fibromuscular point where 9 facial muscles converge.

Question 30

What is the modiolus responsible for?

Answer 30

Pretty much all mouth movements.

Question 31

What is the Obicularis Oris?

Answer 31

A ring of muscles around the mouth.

Question 32

What is the Obicularis Oris responsible for?

Answer 32

Pursing or protruding the lips.

Question 33

What is the deepest extrinsic muscle of lips?

Answer 33

Buccinator

Question 34

What is the buccinator muscle responsible for?

Answer 34

Keeping the bolus between teeth when chewing.

Question 35

What is the mentalis?

Answer 35

Chin muscle

Question 36

What is the origin and the insertion of the mentalis?

Answer 36

Origin: The incisive fossa of the mandible Insertion: Skin of chin.

Question 37

What is the mentalis responsible for?

Answer 37

Lifting the lips, the chin, pouting, the insertion creates the wrinkly look of the chin.