Skull Flashcards
How many bones are in the Neurocranium?
8
How many bones are in the splanchnocranium?
14
Name all 14 bones in Splanchocranium
2 Nasal bones
2 Maxillae
2 zygomatic bones
2 Lacrimal bones
2 Inferior Nasal Conchae
2 Palatine bones
1 Vomer
1 Mandible
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Name all Neurocranium bones and which 2 contribute to the facial bones as well?
1 Frontal bone
2 Parietal bone
2 Temporal bone
1 Occipital bone
1 Sphenoid bone
1 Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid and ethmoid bones contribute to the facial bones (orbit)
Where does hematopoiesis happen in the skull?
The Diploe, is made of 2 thin sheets of compact bone and a layer of fibrous bone.
What are the functions of the skull?
Support for face structure.
Protection for essential organs: brain, eyes.
Movement provides attachment points for facial muscles.
Where can I find the alveolar process of the maxilla or the mandibles?
Just superior or inferior to the teeth, provides an attachment point.
Where would the supraorbital nerve and vessels pass through?
The supraorbital foramen.
Superior to the orbit.
Superior to the Vomer, what bone would I find attached?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone.
What is the supraorbital margin?
A bony ridge superior to the orbit, it is thicker than the frontal bone.
Acts as protection for the eyes.
What is the supraorbital notch?
An incomplete opening along the supraorbital margin.
What direction does the skull grow?
Downwards.
What has the biggest impact on skull morphology as one ages?
Loss of teeth contributing to bone reabsorption.
Where is the mastoid process?
Posterior inferior from the external auditory meatus.
Where is the Styloid process?
Inferior medial to the external auditory meatus, sharper shape.
What are the primary sutures of the neurocranial bones?
- Coronal suture - along the coronal plane, between frontal and parietal bones.
- Saggital suture - along the saggital plane, between the 2 parietal bones.
- Lambdoid suture, between the occipital and parietal bones.
- Squamosal suture, between the temporal and parietal bones.
Where is the external occipital protuberance?
Can be seen on the occipital bone.
Where is the occipital condyle and what is its purpose?
On the sides of the Foramen Magnum, articulates with indentations of the atlas (first cervical vertebra) to form atlanto-occipital joint.
How is the sphenoid bone positioned?
The sphenoid bone makes up the posterior wall of the orbit, it can also be seen anterior to the temporal bone on the lateral sides of the skull.
How is the ethmoid bone positioned?
The ethmoid bone can be seen on the lateral sides of the skull, anterior to the sphenoid bone.
Where is the Sella Turcica located?
Internal of the Cranial space, medial within the sphenoid bone.
What are the 3 areas of the Sella Turcica?
Dorsal sellae
Hypophyseal fossa - central depression where the pituitary gland sits.
Tuberculum sellae
Where is the mandibular fossa?
Anterior to the exterior auditory meatus, articulates the mandible.
Where is the articular tubercle?
Anterior to the mandibular fossa, also articulates the mandible.
What joint articulates the mandible?
Temporomandibular joint.
What is the most superior point of the mandible that articulates with the temporomandibular joint?
Condylar process.
What are the regions of the mandible?
- Body: the horizontal section of the mandible
- Ramus: the vertical extension of the mandible
- Angle: the point at which the body and the ramus connect.
What are the 4 main sinuses of the skull?
- Frontal sinuses (2)
- Sphenoidal sinus.
- Ethmoidal cells of the ethmoidal labyrinth.
- Maxillary sinuses (2).
What is the name for the unossified, mesenchyme connecting newborns’ adjacent cranial plates?
Fontanels.
What are the 4 fontanels?
- Anterior fontanel.
- Posterior fontanel.
- Anteriolateral fontanel.
- Posteriolateral fontanel.
Where does the temporalis muscle attach to?
The superior and inferior temporal line is responsible for jaw elevation.
What and where is the supraciliary ridge?
Just above the supraorbital margin, positioned over the eyebrows.
What is the nasal spine?
Bony projection in the midline of the 2 maxillae, inferior to the nasal opening.
What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?
- Cribriform plate (horizontal, forms part of the cranial base)
- Perpendicular plate (perpendicular, forms superior nasal septum)
- Ethmoidal Labyrinth (houses ethmoidal air cells)
- Crista Galli (projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate, triangular, attachment point for the falx cerebri, the membrane separating the left and right hemisphere)
Where is the infraorbital foramen?
Inferior to the orbit.
Where is the temporal fossa?
Inferior to the temporal line, a shallow depression.
Where are the lateral pterygoid plates?
Projecting from the lateral sphenoid bones forms parts of the pterygoid processes.
Where are the pterygoid processes?
Lateral on the greater sphenoid wings.
What is the frontal fontanelle called if it persists after 5 years of age?
Metopic suture.
What is the meaning of labial in the context of teeth?
The facet that is closest to the face.
What is the meaning of buccal?
The surface of teeth closest to the cheek.
What is the meaning of lingual?
The surface of the teeth closest to the tongue.
What is the meaning of mesial?
The mesial surface of a tooth is the surface facing the midline of the dental arch or the position closer to the midline.
What is the symphysis menti?
The midline which the mandible meets during early development.
