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Gross Anatomy > The Hand > Flashcards

The Hand Flashcards

1
Q

1) The fingers have how many phalanges? Thumb?

A

-3 phalanges, proximal, middle and distal; Thumb only has two, proximal and distal

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2
Q

2) There is what kind of bone at the MCP of thumb and sometimes at the index MCP?

A

-sesamoid bone

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3
Q

3) What nerve branch passes deep to the brachioradialis muscle?

A

-superficial branch of the radial nerve

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4
Q

4) The superficial branch passes superficial or deep to the extensor retinaculum?

A

-superficial

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5
Q

5) On the dorsum of the hand, what innervates the lateral 3.5 fingers?

A

-dorsal digital branch of radial nerve

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6
Q

6) The palmar aspect of the hand is innervated by what nerves?

A

-palmar branch of both median and ulnar nerves

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7
Q

7) These branches are superficial or deep to the flexor retinaculum?

A

-superficial

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8
Q

8) Where does the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve emerge from (under what muscle
tendon) and where does it go to innervate?

A

-emerges from under flexor carpi ulnaris tendon on the medial part of the forearm and winds
around the wrist to give dorsal innervation (cutaneous) to the medial 1.5 fingers

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9
Q

9) What is attached to the flexor retinaculum, that has 4 slips going to each finger that
allow spassage for flexor tendons ,vessels and nerves?

A

-palmar aponeurosis (deep fascia)

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10
Q

10) The condition in which a slowly progressive fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis that results in permanent flexion of the little and ring fingers is?

A

-dupuytrens disease

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11
Q

11) Abudction and adduction of the fingers is in reference to what finger?

A

-middle

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12
Q

12) Thumb movement is in reference to the plane of what?

A

-palm of the hand

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13
Q

13) The thenar eminence is on what side?

A

-thumb

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14
Q

14) It consists of what muscles?

A

-3; abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis

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15
Q

18) What is the action of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

-abducts (and extends) the thumb at the CARPOMETACARPAL and MCP joints

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16
Q

19) True or False: The flexor pollicis brevis is medial to the abducto r pollicis brevis?

A

-True

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17
Q

20) ACTION of Flexer Pollicis Brevis?

A

-flexes MCP joint of the THUMB

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18
Q

21) Opponens pollicis muscle is superficial or deep to abductor pollicis brevis muscle?

A

-Deep

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19
Q

22) What action does Opponens pollicis muscle perform?

A

-Opposition

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20
Q

23) All 3 muscles of the thenar eminence are innervated by what?

A

-Median nerve

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21
Q

24) What is the fourth muscle of the thumb? Is it included in the thenar eminence ?

A

-adductor pollicis (NO)

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22
Q

25) This muscle has how many parts? What are they?

A

-2 parts, oblique and transverse heads

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23
Q

26) Action of the adductor pollicis muscle?

A

-ADDUCTS Carpometacarpal and MCP joints

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24
Q

27) What nerve innervates adductor pollicis?

A

-deep branch of the ulnar nerve

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25
Q

28) The hypothenar eminence is on what side?

A

-the pinky side (medial)

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26
Q

29} What muscles does it include?

A

-Abductor digiti minimi, Flexer digit minimi, and Opponens digiti minimi

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27
Q

30) Does the little finger has a specific adductor?

A

-NO

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28
Q

31) Adduction is performed by what then?

A

-palmar interosseous muscle

29
Q

32) What is the action of the Abductor Digiti Minimi muscle?

A

-Abducts the MCP joint of the little finger

30
Q

33) Action of Flexor Digiti Minimi?

A

-Flexes the MCP joint of the little finger

31
Q

34) Opponens Digiti Minimi action?

A

-Opposition

32
Q

35) The intrinsic muscles of the hand include what?

A

-lumbricals, Dorsal interossei and Palmar interossei muscles

33
Q

36) The lumbricals originate from where?

A

-tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

34
Q

37) Where does each insert?

A

-LATERAL SIDE of the corresponding extensor expansion

35
Q

38) The first two lumbricals have how many heads? 3rd and 4th?

A

-first 2 lumbricals have 1 head; 3 and 4 have 2 heads

36
Q

39} ACTION of the Lumbricals?

A

-Flex MCP joints and EXTENDS the INTERPHALANGEAL(PIP and DIP_ joints

37
Q

40) What is the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

-first 2 lumbricals are by digital branch of median nerve; 3rd and 41 by deep branch of ulnar nerve

38
Q

41) The dorsal interossei have how many heads?

A
  • 2 heads
39
Q

42} Where do they originate from?

A

-from adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones

40
Q

43) Insert?

A

-proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of index, middle and ring fingers (middle finge r has
two muscles)
r

41
Q

44) The innervation of the dorsal interossei muscles is by what?

A

-deep branch of the ulna

42
Q

Action of the Dorsal lnterrossei?

A

-Abducts index, middle and ring fingers and Flex MCP and Extend PIPs and DIPS of these three
fingers

43
Q

46) The palmar interossei has how many heads?

A

-1 head

44
Q

47} Origin?

A

-anterior surface of the shaft of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpal bones

45
Q

48) Where do they insert?

A

-proximal phalanges on the side closest to the middle finger and on extensor expansions of the index, ring and little fingers

46
Q

49) ACTION?

A

-Adduct the index, middle and ring fingers and Flex MCP and Extend PIPs and DIP

47
Q

50} Innervation of the 3 muscles?

A

-deep branch of the ulnar nerve

48
Q

51} Ulnar artery enters the hand passing superficial to the flexor retinaculum and lateral to
the ulnar nerve and pisiform bone and gives what?

A

-gives a DEEP PALMAR BRANCH and then curves deep to the palmar aponeurosis but anterior
to the long flexor tendons and gives SUPERFIC IAL PALMAR ARCH

49
Q

52) This superficial palmar arch is created by anastamosing with what?

A

-one of the branches of the radial artery

50
Q

53) What immediately comes off of the arch?

A
  • 3 common palmar digital arteries

on the lateral side of
the index finger

51
Q

54) What do they divide into?

A

-proper palmar digital arteries to index, middle and ring (little finger has proper palmar digital
artery but comes from arch to provide supply to medial little finger)

52
Q

55) The radial artery can be found in what space? What 3 muscles border it?

A

-anatomical snuff box; Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor pollicis longus

53
Q

56) The deep palmar arch is formed by what?

A

-anastamose between the RADIAL ARTERY with the deep branch of ULNAR ARTERY

54
Q

57} True or False; the arch is deep to the long flexor tendons but anterior the metacarpal
bones and interosseuos muscles?

A

-True

55
Q

58) What small arteries can be found anastamosing with the matching arteries from the
superficial arch?

A

-palmar metacarpal arteries

56
Q

59) The radial artery, immediately after entering the palm of the hand gives what arteries?

A

-princeps pollicis on the lateral and medial thumb sides and radialis indicis

57
Q

60) What test can be used to test the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

-Allen’s test

58
Q

61) Once the median nerve passes under the flexor retinaculum it gives what branch to the
3 muscles of the thenar eminence?

A

-motor recurrent branch

59
Q

62) The ulnar nerve is superficial or deep to the flexor retinaculum?

A

-superficial, and in groove b/w pisiform bone and hook of hamate

60
Q

63) What is this area called?

A
  • Tunnel of Guyon (closed by a fibrous tissue)
61
Q

64) In palm it divides into?

A
  • a superficial branch and a deep branch
62
Q

65) What does the superficial branch innervate?

A
  • Palmaris brevis and cutaneous medial aspect of the medial 1.5 fingers
63
Q

66) Deep branch innervates?

A

-hypothenar emin, DAB, PAD and 2 most medial lumbricals and adductor pollicis

64
Q

67) If an injury to ulnar nerve occurs in tunnel of guyon, what would you lose?

A

-cutaneous innervation to the palmar aspect of medial 1.5 fingers and ability to contract all
intrinsic muscles of hand except the 5 muscles innervated by the median nerve

65
Q

68) What muscles will be unopposed?

A

-the flexor and extensor extrinisic muscles and fingers will be CLAWED

66
Q

69) What happens to interrossei?

A
  • paralyzed and MCP will be EXTENDED and PIP and DIPs are FLEXED
67
Q

70) What happens to lumbricals?

A

-only 2 medial lumbricals are paralyzed

68
Q

71) What happens to adductor pollicis? The thumb will be abducted or adducted?

A

-non-functional; thumb will be abducted

Gross Anatomy (8 decks)

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