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Chemistry > The Halogens > Flashcards

The Halogens Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the colour of fluorine molecules?

A

Pale yellow

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2
Q

Physical state of fluorine?

A

Gas

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3
Q

Colour of chlorine?

A

Green

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4
Q

Physical state of chlorine

A

Gas

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5
Q

Colour of bromine

A

Red-brown

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6
Q

Physical state of bromine

A

Liquid

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7
Q

Iodine colour

A

Grey

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8
Q

Iodine physical state

A

Solid

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9
Q

How do their melting and boiling pints change?

A

Melting and boiling points increase down the group due to increased strength of London forces as the size and relative mass of the atoms increases

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10
Q

What happens volatility down the group?

A

It decreases

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11
Q

Are halogens oxidising or reducing agents?

A

Oxidising agents

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12
Q

Why are halogens less reactive down the group?

A

Atomic radii increases
More shielding
Harder for larger atoms to attract the electron needed to form an ion

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13
Q

What happens in displacement reactions?

A

The colour changes

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14
Q

How can you see the colour changes of displacement reactions?

A

Shake the reaction mixture with an organic solvent like hexane

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15
Q

Which layer is on top the organic solvent or the aqueous solution?

A

The organic solvent

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16
Q

Does iodine react with KBr?

A

No

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17
Q

Does iodine react with KCl?

A

No

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18
Q

What colour is iodine in aqueous solution?

A

Brown/ orange

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19
Q

What colour is iodine in organic solution?

A

Purple

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20
Q

Does bromine react with KCl?

A

No

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21
Q

What colour is bromine in aqueous solution?

A

Yellow

22
Q

What colour is bromine water in organic solution?

A

Orange

23
Q

What colour is bromine when it displaces iodine in aqueous solution?

A

Orange/brown from the I2

24
Q

What colour is bromine when it displaces iodine in organic solution?

A

Purple due to I2

25
Q

What colour is chlorine water?

A

Colourless

26
Q

What colour is chlorine water when it displaces bromine in aqueous solution?

A

Yellow due to the Br2

27
Q

What colour is chlorine when it displaces bromine in organic solution?

A

Orange due to the Br2

28
Q

What colour is chlorine when it displaces iodine in aqueous solution?

A

Orange/ brown due to I2

29
Q

What colour is chlorine when it displaces iodine in organic solution?

A

Purple due to the I2

30
Q

What colour is KI?

A

Colourless

31
Q

What colour is KBr?

A

Colourless

32
Q

What colour is KCl?

A

Colourless

33
Q

What colour is chlorine water?

A

Colourless

34
Q

What colour is bromine water?

A

Yellow

35
Q

What colour is iodine solution?

A

Orange/brown

36
Q

What will chlorine displace?

A

Bromide and iodide

37
Q

What will bromine displace?

A

Iodide

38
Q

What is used to test for halides?

A

Silver nitrate solution

AgNO3

39
Q

Is chloride soluble in aqueous ammonia?

A

Soluble in dilute ammonia

40
Q

Is bromide soluble in aqueous ammonia?

A

Soluble in concentrated ammonia

41
Q

Is iodide soluble in aqueous ammonia?

A

Insoluble in concentrated and dilute ammonia

42
Q

What do halogens undergo disproportionation reactions with?

A

Cold dilute alkali solutions

43
Q

What is the ratio of halogen to alkali in disproportionation reactions?

A

1 Halogen molecule for one mole of alkali

44
Q

What species is both oxidised and reduced?

A

The halogen

45
Q

What happens if you mix chlorine gas with cold, dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A 
Sodium chlorate (I) solution forms which is NaClO
Known as household bleach
46
Q

What happens when you mix chlorine with water?

A

It undergoes disproportionation

47
Q

What are the products when chlorine reacts with water?

A

Chloric(I) acid and HCl

48
Q

What does aqueous chloric(I) acid do?

A

It ionises to form chlorate(I) ions

ClO-

49
Q

What do chlorate (I) ions do?

A

Kill bacteria

50
Q

Advantages of using chlorine as water treatment?

A

Kills disease-causing microorganisms
Some chlorine remains in the water and prevents reinfection further down the supply
Prevents the growth of algae
Eliminates bad tastes and smells
Removes discolouration caused by organic compounds

51
Q

Disadvantages of using chlorine to treat water

A

Chlorine gas is harmful if breathes in
Liquid chlorine can cause severe chemical burns
Chlorine reacts with organic compounds in water to form chlorinated hydrocarbons which can be carcinogenic
People don’t have a choice but to drink it

52
Q

Alternatives to chlorine in water treatment

A

Ozone which is a strong oxidising agent that kills microorganisms however it’s expensive to produce and has a short half life meaning the water treatment isn’t permanent
UV light damages the DNA of microorganisms and kills them but is ineffective in cloudy water and doesn’t stop water being contaminated further down the line

Chemistry (5 decks)

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