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Chemistry > Functional Groups > Flashcards

Functional Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

Properties of alkanes

A

Non-polar

Unreactive

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2
Q

Properties of alkenes

A

Non-polar

Electron rich double bond

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3
Q

Properties of aromatic compounds

A

Stable delocalised ring of electrons

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4
Q

Properties of alcohols

A

Polar C-OH bond

Line pair on oxygen can act as a nucleophile

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5
Q

Haloalkane properties

A

Polar C-X bond

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6
Q

Amine properties

A

Lone pair on nitrogen is basic and can act as a nucleophile

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7
Q

Nitrile properties

A

Electron deficient carbon centre

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8
Q

Carbonyl properties

A

Polar C=O bond

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9
Q

Carboxylic acid properties

A

Electron deficient carbon centre

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10
Q

Ester properties

A

Electron deficient carbon centre

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11
Q

Acyl chloride properties

A

Electron deficient carbon centre

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12
Q

Acid anhydride properties

A

Electron deficient carbon centre

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13
Q

Typical reactions of alkanes

A

Radical substitution

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14
Q

Alkene typical reactions

A

Electrophilic addition

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15
Q

Aromatic compounds typical reactions

A

Electrophilic substitution

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16
Q

Alcohol typical reactions

A

Nucleophilic substitution

Dehydration/ elimination

17
Q

Haloalkanes typical reactions

A

Nucleophilic substitution

Elimination

18
Q

Amines typical reactions

A

Neutralisation

Nucleophilic substitution

19
Q

Nitrile typical reactions

A

Reduction

Hydrolysis

20
Q

Aldehyde typical reactions

A

Nucleophilic addition
Reduction
Oxidation

21
Q

Ketones typical reactions

A

Nucleophilic addition

Reduction

22
Q

Carboxylic acid typical reactions

A

Neutralisation

Estérification

23
Q

Ester typical reactions

A

Hydrolysis

24
Q

Acyl chloride typical reactions

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination
Condensation
Friedel-Crafts acylation

25
Q

Acid anhydride typical reactions

A

Estérification

26
Q

Addition

A

Two molecules join together to form a single product

Involves breaking a double bond

27
Q

Elimination/ dehydration

A

Involves removing a functional group which is released as part of a small molecule
Often a double bond is formed

28
Q

Substitution

A

A functional group on a molecule is swapped for a new one

29
Q

Condensation

A

Two molecules get joined together with the loss of a small molecule such as water or HCl

30
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Water is used to split apart a molecule, creating two smaller ones
Opposite of condensation

31
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

In organic chemistry it usually means gaining an oxygen or losing a hydrogen atom

32
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons

In organic chemistry, it usually means gaining a hydrogen atom or losing an oxygen atom

Chemistry (5 decks)

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