The Haber process Flashcards
What are the raw materials used for the Haber process?
Air
Natural gas
What temperature is used in the Haber process?
400-450 degrees Celsius
What pressure is used in the Haber process?
200 atm pressure
What catalyst is used in the Haber process?
Iron
Is the Haber process endothermic or exothermic
It is exothermic
Why are pressures higher than 200 atm pressure not used in the Haber process
Pressure higher than 200 atm are EXPENSIVE to generate and contain
What effect does the iron catalyst have on the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen?
Increases the forward reaction and the reverse reactions equally
By providing an alternative pathway of lower activation energy
It has NO effect on the yield
What are the two tests for ammonia gas?
- Damp RED litmus paper turns Blue
2. Adding concentrated HCL to the substance - white smoke of ammonium chloride will be given off
What is the difference between ammonia and ammonium
Ammonia is a compound of NH3 molecules
Ammonium is a cation consisting of NH4+ ions and exists within a compound combined with anions
What is the test for ammonium ions ?
Warm with sodium hydroxide solution - test gas given off with
Red litmus paper which turns blue
What is 75% of ammonia used to make ?
Fertilisers
How are ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate made ?
By neutralisation reactions
When can nitrogen react with oxygen ?
Only when a lot of energy is supplied
Like in
Lightning strikes - when the electrical energy is enough to provide the activation energy for nitrogen and oxygen to combine to form
Nitrogen dioxide
Why is the production of nitrogen dioxide a problem ?
It contributes to acid rain - because NO2 is an acidic gas
What are the effects if acid rain?
It kills fish
Damages trees
Corrodes iron structures
