Organic chemistry Flashcards
What conditions are needed for the manufacture of ethanol from ethene
300 degrees Celsius ,
60-70 pressure atm. ,
phosphoric acid
What conditions are needed for the manufacture of ethanol by the fermentation of sugars
Temperature - 30 degrees Celsius
Invertase and zymase - yeast
What are the conditions for the dehydration of alcohols
Aluminium oxide
And heat
What are the key properties of a homologous series
They have the same general formula
They have similar chemical properties
They have physical properties which show a steady gradation
What is a hydrocarbon ?
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen joined covalently
What does saturated mean?
All covalent bonds are single bonds
What does unsaturated mean?
Some of the covalent bonds are double or triple bonds
What are the conditions needed for catalytic cracking ?
Temperature = 600-700 degrees Catalyst = silica or alumina
What is the general formula for alkanes ?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes
CnH2n
What are the products of the complete combustion of alkenes ?
Carbon dioxide and water
Describe fractional distillation of crude oil
- Crude oil is heated
- Heated vapour rises and condenses
- The fractionating column is cool at the top and warm at the bottom
- Fractions are condensed and collected at different points along the column depending on their boiling points
Which fraction is the most viscous ?
Bitumen
What does the reaction of bromine and methane form in the presence of UV light?
Bromomethane
What is isomerism ?
The property possessed by certain compounds of have no the same molecular structure but a different arrangement of atoms
What are isomers ?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms
What problems could the formation of carbon monoxide cause?
Carbon monoxide takes the place of oxygen in red blood cells reducing the oxygen capacity of the blood , which can cause death
What problems can nitrogen oxides from the combustion of petrol in car engines at a high temperature cause?
Nitrogen dioxide is an acidic oxide that causes acid rain which
Damages trees
Kills fish and
Corrodes iron structures
What type of reaction does Alkane have with Bromine?
Substitution reaction in the presence of UV light
What type of reaction is the reaction between alkenes and bromine ?
An addition reaction
What is the test for the presence of a carbon carbon double bond?
Bubble the gaseous alkene or liquid alkene in bromine water
If the bromine water turns from orange to colourless there is a carbon double bond
What is a polymer ?
A long chain molecule from many monomers joined together
What is crude oil ?
A mixture of hydrocarbons
