THE GROWTH OF OPPOSITION TO TSARIST RULE Flashcards
what were two big philosophical ideas?
nihilism and anarchism.
however, what were most opposers called (2)?
westernisers and slavophiles.
what did westernisers want to adopt?
western values.
what were the radical intellectuals mostly made up of?
mostly students.
did westernisers want more or less power to the Orthodox Church?
less.
who did the westernisers express their views through?
the zemstva.
the westernisers with alexanders II restriction of…?
zemstvo powers in 1890.
slavophiles wanted to preserve Russias …?
culture and heritage.
did they want to keep or lose the peasant based society?
keep.
did the slavophiles like the principles of the Orthodox Church?
yes.
when did the slavophiles start to decline in influence and why?
1890’s - industrialisation progress and western-style socialist movements grew.
what marked a significant point in the growth of opposition?
the famine of 1891-92.
why was the famine so significant in the starting of opposition?
bc the govt failed to provide adequate relief.
who assumed responsibility after the famine?
the zemstva.
what was happening in terms of the zemstva by the mid 1890’s?
renewed zemstva led-calls for a national body to advise the govt.
who wrote a manifesto in 1862?
the “young Russia”.
what did young Russia say in their manifesto?
they argued for a ‘bloody and merciless revolution.’
what student organisation called for radical reform and when?
“the organisation” in 1863.
which radical thinker wrote the illegal radical journal, named “the bell”?
Alexander Herzen.
what was the Tchaikovsky circle?
set up in 1868-9 - a literary society which organised the printing, publishing and distribution of literature.
what does the word populism actually mean?
“going to the people.”
what type of trials did the populists hold in 1877-78?
show trials.
which group continued the populist tradition in 1877?
“land and liberty.”
what violent acts did they commit?
political assassinations.
