The Growing Environment

Question 1

What is the ideal temperature for DORMANCY

Answer 1

Approximately below 10°C
Below -20°C can cause winter freeze and damage the vine
Below -25°C kills most Vitis Vinefera

Question 2

What is the ideal temperature for BUDBURST

Answer 2

Above 10°C. Warm soil is also important

Question 3

What is the ideal temperature for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Answer 3

Approximately 18 - 33°C.

Question 4

What is the ideal temperature for FLOWERING stage

Answer 4

Above 17°C

Question 5

What is the ideal temperature for FRUIT SET stage

Answer 5

Optimal range 26 - 32°C

Question 6

What is the ideal temperature for BUD FRUITFULNESS

Answer 6

Above 25°C

Question 7

Why does warm temperature make SUGAR ACCUMULATION faster

Answer 7

Due to higher rates of PHOTOSYNTHESIS producing sugar and GRAPE TRANSPIRATION promotes movement of sugar into grapes.

Question 8

What does happen with MALIC ACID in warm temperature (above 21°C in the final month of ripening

Answer 8

It increases MALIC ACID DEGRADATION

Question 9

What is RIPER aromas/flavours associated with as far as climate is concerned

Answer 9

Grape grown in warmer climates tend to have riper aromas/flavours

Question 10

How does cool conditions influence level of METHOYPYRAZINES

Answer 10

Cool condition hinders breakdown of METHOXPYRAZINES which leads to herbaceous aromas/flavours

Question 11

What is the ideal temperature for ANTHOCYANINS SYNTHESIS in black grapes

Answer 11

Between 15 - 25°C

Question 12

What can extreme hot and dry conditions cause for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Answer 12

Slow or stop Photosynthesis
Slow down growth and
Slow down grape ripening

Question 13

How does water stress slow down or stop PHOTOSYNHTESIS

Answer 13

Water stress can slow down or stop PHOTOSYNTHESIS due to shutting of STOMATA which prevent outflow of water and also limit CARBON DIOXIDE to enter

Question 14

What is the minimum amount of sunlight in order not to be a problem for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Answer 14

At least 1/3 of full sunshine

Question 15

What is the positive effect of grape exposure to sunlight

Answer 15

Development of ANTHOCYANINS and reduction of levels of METHOXYPYRAZINES

Question 16

What is the effect of sunlight BEFORE Véraison as far as Tannins are concerned

Answer 16

Greater accumulation of Tannins PRE-VÉRAISON

Question 17

What is the effect of sunlight AFTER Véraison as far as Tannins are concerned

Answer 17

Promotes Tannins polymerisation AFTER VÉRAISON

Question 18

What is the risk of prolonged grape exposure to sunlight

Answer 18

Risk of SUNBURN on the grapes

Question 19

Regions at LOWER LATITUDE will receive more solar radiation and more intense than regions at HIGHER LATITUDE. TRUE or FALSE and WHY

Answer 19

TRUE.
Nearer the Equator, solar radiation must travel through a SMALLER section of Atmosphere and hits the surface of Earth at a large angle (perpendicular)

Question 20

What is approximately the reduction of temperature over 100m increase in altitude

Answer 20

Temperature falls approximately 0,6°C over 100m increase in altitude

Question 21

Why HIGHER ALTITUDE is favourable in areas of LOW LATITUDE

Answer 21

Because it can moderate the warmer temperature in LOWER LATITUDE areas. Ex: Salta in Argentina

Question 22

Why is sunshine more intense in HIGH ALTITUDE areas

Answer 22

Because solar radiation travels less atmosphere

Question 23

What does the term ASPECT mean

Answer 23

ASPECT is the term which defines to which particular direction a vineyard is facing when planted on slopes

Question 24

Why does the importance of ASPECT AND STEEPNESS of the slope increase at HIGH LATITUDES

Answer 24

Slope increases the angle that radiation hits Earth’s surface, hence more heat and sunlight

Question 25

In which situation, it is better having slopes facing away from the sun

Answer 25

In very warm climates

Question 26

What are the main impact of proximity to water on nearby vineyards

Answer 26

- Large body of water moderates diurnal range - Ocean cureents affects temperature at coastal regions - solar radiation is reflected from water surface - El Niño and La Niña effects

Question 27

What are the main impact of winds on vineyards

Answer 27

- Near body of water, it moderates diurnal range - In Valleys, it is stronger as moving air is funneled - Winds over hot land brings warm air to vineyards - Reduces humidity which may avoid fungal diseases - Increases evapotranspiration and may cause water stress - Strong winds may cause damage to vines and vineyard trellising

Question 28

Which characteristics of soil impact the temperature of the vineyard

Answer 28

Drainage Texture Colour

Question 29

Which natural factors can reduce sunlight

Answer 29

Mist (tiny drops of water in the air above an area) Fog (dense mist) Clouds

Question 30

What is the impact of mist, fog and clouds during ripening of grape

Answer 30

It can slow down sugar accumlation and acid degradation in the grapes

Question 31

What ia DIURNAL RANGE

Answer 31

It is the average difference between day-time and night-time temperature

Question 32

In which regions diurnal range is higher

Answer 32

CONTINENTAL climates and HIGH ALTITUDE

Question 33

In which regions diurnal range tond to be lower

Answer 33

Regions near large body of water