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WSET Diploma - D1 > The Growing Environment > Flashcards

The Growing Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the ideal temperature for DORMANCY

A

Approximately below 10°C
Below -20°C can cause winter freeze and damage the vine
Below -25°C kills most Vitis Vinefera

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2
Q

What is the ideal temperature for BUDBURST

A

Above 10°C. Warm soil is also important

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3
Q

What is the ideal temperature for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A

Approximately 18 - 33°C.

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4
Q

What is the ideal temperature for FLOWERING stage

A

Above 17°C

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5
Q

What is the ideal temperature for FRUIT SET stage

A

Optimal range 26 - 32°C

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6
Q

What is the ideal temperature for BUD FRUITFULNESS

A

Above 25°C

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7
Q

Why does warm temperature make SUGAR ACCUMULATION faster

A

Due to higher rates of PHOTOSYNTHESIS producing sugar and GRAPE TRANSPIRATION promotes movement of sugar into grapes.

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8
Q

What does happen with MALIC ACID in warm temperature (above 21°C in the final month of ripening

A

It increases MALIC ACID DEGRADATION

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9
Q

What is RIPER aromas/flavours associated with as far as climate is concerned

A

Grape grown in warmer climates tend to have riper aromas/flavours

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10
Q

How does cool conditions influence level of METHOYPYRAZINES

A

Cool condition hinders breakdown of METHOXPYRAZINES which leads to herbaceous aromas/flavours

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11
Q

What is the ideal temperature for ANTHOCYANINS SYNTHESIS in black grapes

A

Between 15 - 25°C

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12
Q

What can extreme hot and dry conditions cause for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A

Slow or stop Photosynthesis
Slow down growth and
Slow down grape ripening

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13
Q

How does water stress slow down or stop PHOTOSYNHTESIS

A

Water stress can slow down or stop PHOTOSYNTHESIS due to shutting of STOMATA which prevent outflow of water and also limit CARBON DIOXIDE to enter

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14
Q

What is the minimum amount of sunlight in order not to be a problem for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A

At least 1/3 of full sunshine

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15
Q

What is the positive effect of grape exposure to sunlight

A

Development of ANTHOCYANINS and reduction of levels of METHOXYPYRAZINES

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16
Q

What is the effect of sunlight BEFORE Véraison as far as Tannins are concerned

A

Greater accumulation of Tannins PRE-VÉRAISON

17
Q

What is the effect of sunlight AFTER Véraison as far as Tannins are concerned

A

Promotes Tannins polymerisation AFTER VÉRAISON

18
Q

What is the risk of prolonged grape exposure to sunlight

A

Risk of SUNBURN on the grapes

19
Q

Regions at LOWER LATITUDE will receive more solar radiation and more intense than regions at HIGHER LATITUDE. TRUE or FALSE and WHY

A

TRUE.
Nearer the Equator, solar radiation must travel through a SMALLER section of Atmosphere and hits the surface of Earth at a large angle (perpendicular)

20
Q

What is approximately the reduction of temperature over 100m increase in altitude

A

Temperature falls approximately 0,6°C over 100m increase in altitude

21
Q

Why HIGHER ALTITUDE is favourable in areas of LOW LATITUDE

A

Because it can moderate the warmer temperature in LOWER LATITUDE areas. Ex: Salta in Argentina

22
Q

Why is sunshine more intense in HIGH ALTITUDE areas

A

Because solar radiation travels less atmosphere

23
Q

What does the term ASPECT mean

A

ASPECT is the term which defines to which particular direction a vineyard is facing when planted on slopes

24
Q

Why does the importance of ASPECT AND STEEPNESS of the slope increase at HIGH LATITUDES

A

Slope increases the angle that radiation hits Earth’s surface, hence more heat and sunlight

25
Q

In which situation, it is better having slopes facing away from the sun

A

In very warm climates

26
Q

What are the main impact of proximity to water on nearby vineyards

A
  • Large body of water moderates diurnal range
  • Ocean cureents affects temperature at coastal regions
  • solar radiation is reflected from water surface
  • El Niño and La Niña effects
27
Q

What are the main impact of winds on vineyards

A
  • Near body of water, it moderates diurnal range
  • In Valleys, it is stronger as moving air is funneled
  • Winds over hot land brings warm air to vineyards
  • Reduces humidity which may avoid fungal diseases
  • Increases evapotranspiration and may cause water stress
  • Strong winds may cause damage to vines and vineyard trellising
28
Q

Which characteristics of soil impact the temperature of the vineyard

A

Drainage
Texture
Colour

29
Q

Which natural factors can reduce sunlight

A

Mist (tiny drops of water in the air above an area)
Fog (dense mist)
Clouds

30
Q

What is the impact of mist, fog and clouds during ripening of grape

A

It can slow down sugar accumlation and acid degradation in the grapes

31
Q

What ia DIURNAL RANGE

A

It is the average difference between day-time and night-time temperature

32
Q

In which regions diurnal range is higher

A

CONTINENTAL climates and HIGH ALTITUDE

33
Q

In which regions diurnal range tond to be lower

A

Regions near large body of water

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